{
  "dataset": "knives",
  "license": "LawLert Open Law Data — CC BY 4.0. Attribute to \"LawLert (https://www.lawlertapp.com)\". General legal information from official sources, not legal advice. Verify against the linked official source before relying on it.",
  "generated": "2026-07-21T09:15:07.557Z",
  "count": 153,
  "rules": [
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ak",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Yes — Alaska Stat. 29.35.145 reserves the regulation of knives to the state; municipalities may not enact knife ordinances except narrow carve-outs.",
      "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#29.35.145",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ak",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Switchblades and gravity knives are legal to own and carry; Alaska Stat. 11.61.220 restricts them only for an unemancipated minor under 16 without a parent's consent.",
      "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#11.61.220",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ak",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Adults 21+ may carry a concealed knife (with police-notification duty); only those under 21 are barred from concealing a deadly weapon other than an ordinary pocketknife.",
      "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#11.61.220",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "al",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No Alabama statute bans switchblade or automatic knives; adults may own and carry them (the concealed-carry law was narrowed to only firearms by Act 2022-133).",
      "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=13A-11-50",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "al",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Alabama's concealed-weapon statute (13A-11-50, as amended 2022) now covers only a pistol or firearm, so concealed carry of a knife is not restricted by state law.",
      "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=13A-11-50",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "al",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide knife preemption; Ala. Code 13A-11-61.3 preempts local regulation only of firearms, ammunition and accessories, so cities/counties may still regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=13A-11-61.3",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ar",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Switchblades and butterfly knives are legal to own and carry; carrying a knife is an offense only if done with a purpose to unlawfully employ it as a weapon (Ark. Code 5-73-120).",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-5/subtitle-6/chapter-73/subchapter-1/section-5-73-120/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ar",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No blade-length or concealment limit; Arkansas criminalizes carrying a knife only when done with unlawful purpose to use it as a weapon (Ark. Code 5-73-120).",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-5/subtitle-6/chapter-73/subchapter-1/section-5-73-120/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ar",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Yes — Act 161 of 2025 amended 14-16-504 and 14-54-1411 so local governments may not regulate the ownership, transport, carrying or possession of knives.",
      "source_url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=/ACTS/2025R/Public/ACT161.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "az",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Yes — ARS 13-3120 bars any city or county from regulating knives; local rules inconsistent with or more restrictive than state law are null and void.",
      "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/13/03120.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "az",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Adults 21+ may carry any knife concealed; a pocketknife may be concealed at any age. Only those under 21 are barred from concealing a non-pocketknife deadly weapon (ARS 13-3102).",
      "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/13/03102.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "az",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Automatic/switchblade knives are legal to own and carry; Arizona designates no prohibited knife type and reserves all knife regulation to the state (ARS 13-3120).",
      "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/13/03120.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ca",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Switchblades with a blade 2 inches or longer are illegal to carry on the person, keep in a vehicle in public, or sell (Cal. Penal Code 21510).",
      "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=21510",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ca",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "California has no knife-preemption statute, so cities regulate knives locally — e.g., Los Angeles bars carrying a knife or dagger in plain view in public (LAMC 55.10).",
      "source_url": "https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/los_angeles/latest/lamc/0-0-0-137973",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ca",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying a concealed dirk or dagger (any fixed blade, or a folding knife locked open) is a crime; an ordinary folding knife carried closed may be concealed (Penal Code 21310).",
      "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PEN&sectionNum=21310",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "co",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying a knife concealed is a misdemeanor where the blade exceeds 3.5 inches (C.R.S. 18-12-105; the 3.5-inch 'knife' definition is in 18-12-101). Carry in your home, place of business, or private vehicle is exempt.",
      "source_url": "https://cbi.colorado.gov/sites/cbi/files/C.R.S.%2018-12-105.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "co",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Switchblades and gravity knives are legal — removed from the prohibited-weapon list by SB 17-008 (2017). Under C.R.S. 18-12-102 only a ballistic knife remains a 'dangerous weapon,' and blackjacks, gas guns and metallic knuckles remain 'illegal weapons' — switchblades and gravity knives are no longer listed.",
      "source_url": "https://cbi.colorado.gov/sites/cbi/files/C.R.S.%2018-12-102.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "co",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide knife preemption; home-rule cities regulate knives — e.g., Denver bans switchblades, gravity knives and blades over 3.5 inches (Denver Mun. Code 38-117).",
      "source_url": "http://denver-co.elaws.us/code/coor_ch38_artiv_div2_sec38-117",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ct",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Connecticut has no statewide knife preemption; towns regulate locally under home rule (dangerous weapons include dirk/switch knives and 4-in.+ blades per C.G.S. 53-206).",
      "source_url": "https://ecode360.com/38058501",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ct",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Carrying a switchblade with a blade over 1.5 inches on the person is a class E felony (Conn. Gen. Stat. 53-206); only automatic blades 1.5 inches or under may be carried.",
      "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_943.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ct",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying any knife with an edged blade 4 inches or longer, or any dirk knife, stiletto or switchblade, is a class E felony; smaller common knives may be carried (Conn. Gen. Stat. 53-206).",
      "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_943.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "dc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Uniform district-wide: DC is a single jurisdiction with no county/city subdivisions, so its knife laws (Title 22, Ch. 45) apply throughout the District.",
      "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/22-4514",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "dc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No general concealed-knife ban; DC bars possessing a knife with a blade over 3 inches only with intent to use it unlawfully (22-4514(b)); switchblades are banned outright.",
      "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/22-4514",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "dc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Switchblade knives are banned: it is unlawful to possess a switchblade knife in the District of Columbia (D.C. Code 22-4514(a)).",
      "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/22-4514",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "de",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying a concealed deadly weapon (which can include a knife) without a 1441 license is a class G felony, so concealed knife carry generally requires a license (11 Del. C. 1442).",
      "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title11/c005/sc07/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "de",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Delaware's preemption statute (22 Del. C. 111) bars local rules only on firearms, components and ammunition — not knives — so localities may regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title22/c001/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "de",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Delaware repealed its switchblade ban (former 11 Del. C. 1446) effective July 30, 2025 (SB 108), so owning and carrying automatic knives is now broadly legal; carrying one concealed still requires a license (11 Del. C. 1442), and an un-repealed dealer-licensing provision (24 Del. C. 901) still nominally bars switchblade possession/sale.",
      "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title11/c005/sc07/index.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "fl",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Florida's weapons preemption (Fla. Stat. 790.33) occupies only the field of firearms and ammunition; it does not mention knives, so it does not preempt local knife ordinances.",
      "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.33.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "fl",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No Florida statute bans switchblade, automatic, OTF or gravity knives; an adult may own and openly carry them (they are 'weapons' only for concealed-carry purposes).",
      "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.001.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "fl",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "A common pocketknife isn't a 'weapon' and may be carried concealed; concealing other knives needs concealed-carry eligibility (permitless since 2023) (Fla. Stat. 790.01).",
      "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0790/Sections/0790.01.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ga",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Georgia preempts local weapon regulation; O.C.G.A. 16-11-173 bars localities from regulating 'weapons,' defined to include bladed devices (knives).",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-16/chapter-11/article-4/part-5/section-16-11-173/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ga",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "An adult may carry a knife concealed in Georgia; only a knife with a blade over 12 inches is a regulated weapon, and a lawful weapons carrier may carry even that (O.C.G.A. 16-11-126).",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-16/chapter-11/article-4/part-3/section-16-11-126/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ga",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Georgia's weapon-carry law defines a regulated knife as a blade greater than 12 inches, so switchblades and automatic knives (and any knife 12 inches or less) are legal to own and carry (O.C.G.A. 16-11-125.1).",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2022/title-16/chapter-11/article-4/part-3/section-16-11-125-1/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "hi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Hawaii has no statewide knife-preemption statute; HRS chapter 134 contains no preemption provision, so counties may enact their own knife ordinances.",
      "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol03_Ch0121-0200D/HRS0134/HRS_0134-.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "hi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Automatic/switchblade knives are illegal statewide to make, sell, transfer, possess, or transport (misdemeanor) under HRS 134-52.",
      "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol03_Ch0121-0200D/HRS0134/HRS_0134-0052.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "hi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying a common knife concealed is generally allowed, but HRS 134-51 makes concealed carry of a dirk, dagger or other deadly or dangerous weapon a misdemeanor.",
      "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol03_Ch0121-0200D/HRS0134/HRS_0134-0051.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ia",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Yes — Iowa Code 724.28 bars any city, county or township from regulating the carrying or transport of 'other weapons' (knives are dangerous weapons under 702.7) that are lawful under state law.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/724.28.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ia",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "An eligible adult may carry a common knife concealed with no blade limit; Iowa Code 724.5 permitless carry bars a general prohibition on unlicensed carry of a dangerous weapon.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/724.5.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ia",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Automatic/switchblade knives are legal for adults to own and carry; Iowa Code 702.7 lists them as 'dangerous weapons' but no law bans possession and 724.5 permits unlicensed carry.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/702.7.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "id",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Idaho has no law banning ownership, sale, or carry of automatic/switchblade knives; it regulates only dirks, dirk knives, bowie knives and daggers as concealed deadly weapons (Idaho Code 18-3302).",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH33/SECT18-3302/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "id",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Yes — Idaho Code 18-3327 (eff. July 1, 2024) bars cities, counties and political subdivisions from enacting any ordinance, rule or tax on knives; conflicting local laws are void.",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH33/SECT18-3327/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "id",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Common knives (blade 6 in or less) may be carried concealed without a license; a concealed dirk, bowie knife or dagger needs a license unless an exception applies (Idaho Code 18-3302).",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title18/T18CH33/SECT18-3302/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "il",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Switchblade/automatic knives are legal to own and carry for a person with a valid Illinois FOID card (720 ILCS 5/24-1(e)(2)); ballistic knives stay banned for everyone.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext?DocName=072000050K24-1",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "il",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Illinois's firearm preemption doesn't cover knives, so home-rule cities regulate them — Chicago bars concealed carry of a knife with a blade over 2.5 inches (Muni. Code 8-24-020).",
      "source_url": "https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/chicago/latest/chicago_il/0-0-0-2644624",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "il",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "A common knife may be carried concealed absent unlawful intent; 720 ILCS 5/24-1(a)(2) bars carrying a dagger, dirk or dangerous knife with intent to use it unlawfully against another.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext?DocName=072000050K24-1",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "in",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Switchblade/automatic knives are legal to own and carry statewide; Indiana repealed its switchblade ban in 2013, and IC 35-47-5-2 now bans only ballistic (projectile-blade) knives.",
      "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/35#35-47-5-2",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "in",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide knife preemption — IC 35-47-11.1 preempts only firearms, ammunition and firearm accessories, so cities and counties may regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/35#35-47-11.1-2",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "in",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Adults may carry a common knife concealed with no statewide blade limit; only ballistic knives are banned — but with no preemption, local ordinances may restrict carry (IC 35-47-5-2).",
      "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/35#35-47-5-2",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ks",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Yes — K.S.A. 12-16,134 bars any municipality from enacting or enforcing ordinances regulating the possession, carrying, sale or use of knives.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch12/012_016_0134.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ks",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Automatic/switchblade knives are legal to own and carry; Kansas repealed its switchblade ban in 2013, and K.S.A. 21-6301 no longer lists switchblades among prohibited weapons.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch21/021_063_0001.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ks",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Adults may carry any common knife concealed with no blade-length limit (K.S.A. 21-6301; Kansas AG Opinion 2014-1).",
      "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch21/021_063_0001.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ky",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Since 2019 (SB 150) Kentucky allows permitless concealed carry of deadly weapons — including non-ordinary knives — for adults 21+ who may lawfully possess them (KRS 527.020).",
      "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=55372",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ky",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Kentucky has no ban on automatic/switchblade knives; adults may own and carry them, though any knife other than an ordinary pocket or hunting knife is a 'deadly weapon' under KRS 500.080(4).",
      "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=55475",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ky",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "KRS 237.104 bars any unit of government from impairing the right to carry or use 'any deadly weapon,' which includes non-ordinary knives.",
      "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=11130",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "la",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Louisiana repealed its switchblade ban; La. R.S. 14:95 no longer restricts owning or carrying automatic/OTF knives, so adults may own and openly carry them.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=78739",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "la",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Yes — La. R.S. 40:1796, amended by Act 59 (eff. Aug 1 2024), bars any political subdivision from regulating knives/edged weapons more restrictively than state law; conflicting local rules are void.",
      "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/law.aspx?d=97860",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "la",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "La. R.S. 14:95(A)(1)(a) bars intentionally concealing any instrumentality intended for use as a dangerous weapon; no blade-length limit, but concealing a knife that is a dangerous weapon is illegal.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=78739",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ma",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Massachusetts has no knife-law preemption statute; under home rule, municipalities such as Boston and Cambridge enforce their own knife ordinances, so local rules can be stricter.",
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter269",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ma",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "G.L. c.269 10(b) bans carrying automatic knives over 1.5 in., but Commonwealth v. Canjura (SJC, 2024) struck that switchblade ban as unconstitutional — autos are now legal to own and carry.",
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter269/Section10",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ma",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Adults may carry common folding knives (no general blade-length limit), but G.L. c.269 10(b) bans dirks, daggers, stilettos, ballistic and double-edged knives regardless of concealment.",
      "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter269/Section10",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "md",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "An adult may carry a common penknife concealed, but Md. Crim. Law 4-101 bars carrying any concealed 'dangerous weapon' (dirk, bowie, switchblade, star knife); a non-switchblade penknife is excepted.",
      "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcr&section=4-101",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "md",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Owning and openly carrying a switchblade is legal, but Md. Crim. Law 4-105 bans selling/transferring it and 4-101 bars carrying it concealed.",
      "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gcr&section=4-105",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "md",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide knife preemption: Md. Crim. Law 4-209 preempts local regulation only for handguns/rifles/shotguns and ammunition, so counties and cities may set their own knife rules.",
      "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/laws/StatuteText?article=gcr&section=4-209",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "me",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Maine repealed 17-A 1055 (dangerous knives) in 2015, so automatic/switchblade knives are legal to own and carry openly; concealed carry is still limited by 25 M.R.S. 2001-A.",
      "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/17-a/title17-Asec1055.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "me",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide knife preemption: 25 M.R.S. 2011 preempts local regulation of firearms, components, ammunition and supplies only — not knives — so towns may regulate knives locally.",
      "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/25/title25sec2011.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "me",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Concealing a bowie knife, dirk, stiletto or other dangerous/deadly weapon is barred by 25 M.R.S. 2001-A; ordinary pocket/utility knives are generally OK.",
      "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/25/title25sec2001-A.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Michigan repealed its switchblade/automatic-knife ban (MCL 750.226a) via Public Act 96 of 2017, so automatic knives are legal to own and carry.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-226a",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "MCL 123.1102 preempts local regulation only of pistols, firearms, pneumatic guns and ammunition — not knives; Michigan has no statewide knife preemption.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-123-1102",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "MCL 750.227 bars carrying concealed a dagger, dirk, stiletto or double-edged nonfolding stabbing instrument; a common folding pocketknife is generally lawful to carry concealed.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-750-227",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mn",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Minnesota's only weapons-preemption statute, 471.633, covers firearms, ammunition and components only — not knives — so local knife ordinances are not preempted.",
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/471.633",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mn",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Minnesota has no blade-length limit or blanket concealed-carry ban for common knives; the only bar is possessing a dangerous article intending unlawful use as a weapon (609.66 subd. 1(a)(5)).",
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.66",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mn",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Manufacturing, transferring or possessing a switchblade opening automatically is a crime under Minn. Stat. 609.66 subd. 1(a)(4); a 2024 federal challenge is pending, so the ban stands.",
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.66",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mo",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Missouri repealed its switchblade ban in 2012; owning or carrying an automatic knife is legal unless done in violation of federal law (RSMo 571.020.1(6)(d)).",
      "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=571.020",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mo",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Adults may carry a common knife concealed; an ordinary pocketknife (no blade over 4 in) is excluded from the weapons definition, and concealed knife carry is barred only in 571.107 locations.",
      "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=571.030",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mo",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide knife preemption; RSMo 21.750 preempts only firearms, components and ammunition, so localities may still regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=21.750",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ms",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Switchblades/automatics are legal to own and open-carry; Miss. Code 97-37-1 only criminalizes carrying them concealed (a misdemeanor) absent a 45-9-101 enhanced permit.",
      "source_url": "https://www.driverservicebureau.dps.ms.gov/Firearms/Code_97_37_1",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ms",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide knife preemption; Mississippi's local-preemption statute (45-9-51) covers only firearms/ammunition, and knife-preemption bills have not passed.",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-45/chapter-9/restrictions-upon-local-regulation-of-firearms-or-ammunition/section-45-9-51/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ms",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "An adult may carry a common knife concealed; concealed carry of a bowie, dirk, butcher or switchblade knife is a misdemeanor unless licensed under 45-9-101 (Miss. Code 97-37-1).",
      "source_url": "https://www.driverservicebureau.dps.ms.gov/Firearms/Code_97_37_1",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mt",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Montana preempts local knife regulation: local governments may not restrict any knife not specifically prohibited by state law, except on government property (MCA 45-8-352).",
      "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0450/chapter_0080/part_0030/section_0520/0450-0080-0030-0520.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mt",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "A 'concealed weapon' is defined as only a firearm, so carrying any knife concealed (any blade length) is not an offense in Montana (MCA 45-8-316).",
      "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0450/chapter_0080/part_0030/section_0160/0450-0080-0030-0160.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "mt",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Montana bans no knife by type (switchblade ban repealed 2019) and defines a concealed weapon as only a firearm, so automatic knives are legal to own and carry (MCA 45-8-315).",
      "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0450/chapter_0080/part_0030/section_0150/0450-0080-0030-0150.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "North Carolina preempts only firearms regulation (G.S. 14-409.40); knives are not preempted, so cities and counties may regulate knife carry.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-409.40.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying a concealed bowie knife, dirk, dagger or other deadly weapon of like kind (off one's own premises) is a Class 2 misdemeanor; an ordinary pocketknife carried closed is exempt (N.C.G.S. 14-269).",
      "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-269.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No NC statute bans owning or openly carrying an automatic knife, but a switchblade isn't an 'ordinary pocket knife,' so it can't be carried concealed off one's premises (N.C.G.S. 14-269(d)).",
      "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_14/GS_14-269.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nd",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "An ordinary knife under 6 inches (not a switchblade/dagger/stiletto) isn't a 'dangerous weapon' and may be carried concealed; concealing a dangerous-weapon knife needs a license (NDCC 62.1-04-02).",
      "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t62-1c04.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nd",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Switchblades/gravity knives are 'dangerous weapons' but not banned to own or open-carry; only concealing one (or any knife 6+ inches) requires a class 2 license (NDCC 62.1-01-01).",
      "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t62-1c01.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nd",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "ND's local-preemption statute bars cities/counties from regulating only firearms and ammunition, not knives, so there is no statewide knife-law preemption (NDCC 62.1-01-03).",
      "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t62-1c01.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ne",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No Nebraska statute bans switchblade/automatic knives; only minors and prohibited persons are barred from carrying concealed weapons, so an adult may own and carry an automatic (Neb. Rev. Stat. 28-1202).",
      "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=28-1202",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ne",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "LB77 (2023) bars counties, cities and villages from regulating 'firearms or other weapons' (which includes knives); conflicting local ordinances are null and void (Neb. Rev. Stat. 13-330).",
      "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=13-330",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ne",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Since LB77 (2023) only minors and prohibited persons are barred from carrying concealed weapons; an ordinary adult may carry a concealed knife of any blade length without a permit.",
      "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=28-1202",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nh",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No New Hampshire statute restricts carrying a knife (concealed or open) or sets a blade-length limit; only blackjacks, slung shots and metallic knuckles are barred (RSA 159:16).",
      "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XII/159/159-16.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nh",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "New Hampshire's weapon-carry statute bans only blackjacks, slung shots and metallic knuckles; knives (incl. switchblades) were removed in 2010, so automatics are legal to own and carry (RSA 159:16).",
      "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XII/159/159-16.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nh",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "RSA 159:26 gives the State authority over knives and voids municipal knife ordinances — uniform statewide knife regulation.",
      "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XII/159/159-26.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nj",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Possessing a switchblade, gravity or ballistic knife (or dagger, dirk, stiletto) 'without any explainable lawful purpose' is a fourth-degree crime; self-defense is not a lawful purpose (N.J.S.A. 2C:39-3(e)).",
      "source_url": "https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2020/A1000/563_I1.HTM",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nj",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "New Jersey sets no blade-length limit; carrying any knife is a fourth-degree crime only if done under circumstances 'not manifestly appropriate' for its lawful uses (N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(d)).",
      "source_url": "https://pub.njleg.gov/Bills/2022/A3500/3230_I1.HTM",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nj",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "New Jersey has no knife-preemption statute; municipalities regulate knives under police power (N.J.S.A. 40:48-2) — e.g., Plainfield bars carrying daggers, dirks, switchblades and stilettos.",
      "source_url": "https://ecode360.com/34614275",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nm",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying a concealed 'deadly weapon' knife (dagger, bowie, dirk, switchblade) is a petty misdemeanor, except at home or in a private vehicle; ordinary pocketknives differ (NMSA 30-7-2).",
      "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4371/index.do",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nm",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "New Mexico's preemption reaches only firearms, not knives, so cities regulate them — Albuquerque bars carrying concealed daggers, switchblades and dirk knives (ABQ Code 12-2-8).",
      "source_url": "https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/albuquerque/latest/albuquerque_nm/0-0-0-128074",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nm",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Possessing, carrying, selling or making a switchblade (or any knife opening automatically or by gravity/centrifugal force) is a petty misdemeanor in New Mexico (NMSA 30-7-8).",
      "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/item/4371/index.do",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nv",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide blade-length limit, but a concealed machete is barred and a knife may fall under the 'other dangerous or deadly weapon' catch-all; ordinary pocketknives are generally lawful (NRS 202.350).",
      "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-202.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nv",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "SB176 (2015) removed switchblades from Nevada's prohibited-weapons list and repealed the switchblade-permit rule, so automatic/OTF/gravity knives are legal to own and carry (NRS 202.350).",
      "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-202.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "nv",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Nevada's weapons preemption (NRS 244.364 counties / 268.418 cities) covers only firearms, accessories and ammunition, so cities/counties (e.g., Clark County) may regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-244.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ny",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "New York has no knife-preemption statute, so localities set their own rules — New York City bans possessing any knife with a blade of four inches or more in public (Admin. Code 10-133).",
      "source_url": "https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/newyorkcity/latest/NYCadmin/0-0-0-6303",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ny",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide blade-length limit; carrying a common knife is lawful unless it is a per-se weapon or carried with unlawful intent. New York City sets a stricter 4-inch local limit (NY Penal Law 265.01).",
      "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/265.01",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ny",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "A switchblade remains a per-se prohibited weapon (class A misdemeanor) under NY Penal Law 265.01(1); gravity knives were removed from the ban in 2019.",
      "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/265.01",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "oh",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "A knife isn't a 'deadly weapon' for Ohio's concealed-carry law unless used as one, so an ordinary knife may be carried concealed with no blade-length limit (ORC 2923.12(H)).",
      "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2923.12",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "oh",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "ORC 9.68 (amended by SB 58, eff. 4/9/2025) mandates uniform statewide laws for 'arms' — expressly defined to include knives — voiding conflicting local knife ordinances.",
      "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-9.68",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "oh",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "SB 140 (eff. 4/12/2021) repealed Ohio's switchblade/gravity-knife ban; only 'ballistic knives' remain restricted, so automatic knives are legal to own and carry (ORC 2923.11).",
      "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2923.11",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ok",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "21 O.S. 1289.24 preempts the entire field touching knives, voiding any municipal knife ordinance (only a school knife-possession policy is excepted).",
      "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=69781",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ok",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Oklahoma removed switchblades/automatics (HB 1911, 2015) and all other knives (SB 1159, 2016) from the 1272 carry ban; any knife is legal to own and carry (21 O.S. 1272).",
      "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=69740",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ok",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Knives are no longer listed as prohibited weapons in 1272, so a common knife may be carried concealed or openly with no blade-length limit (21 O.S. 1272).",
      "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=69740",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "or",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Oregon's weapons preemption (ORS 166.170) covers only firearms, not knives, so cities like Portland may enact their own knife ordinances.",
      "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors166.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "or",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Owning and openly carrying an automatic/switchblade knife is legal in Oregon, but ORS 166.240 makes carrying one concealed a misdemeanor.",
      "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors166.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "or",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "ORS 166.240 bans carrying concealed a dirk, dagger, switchblade or similar knife; ordinary folding pocketknives are exempt per Oregon case law.",
      "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors166.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "pa",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "PA's only weapons preemption (18 Pa.C.S. 6120) bars local regulation of firearms and ammunition only; it never mentions knives, so cities like Philadelphia restrict knives locally.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/18/00.061.020.000..HTM",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "pa",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Act 119 of 2022 (eff. Jan 2, 2023) struck automatic/switchblade knives from 18 Pa.C.S. 908's 'offensive weapons' definition, making them legal to own and carry in PA.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/18/00.009.008.000..HTM",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "pa",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "PA has no statewide blade-length limit or concealed-knife ban; only 'offensive weapons' under 18 Pa.C.S. 908 (which no longer includes ordinary or automatic knives) are prohibited.",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/18/00.009.008.000..HTM",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ri",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Rhode Island's only weapons-preemption statute (11-47-58) applies solely to firearms, so no state law preempts local knife ordinances.",
      "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/statutes/title11/11-47/11-47-58.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ri",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "RI's weapons law never names switchblades/automatics; such a knife is legal to own and carry openly but, like any knife, can't be carried concealed if its blade exceeds 3 inches (R.I. Gen. Laws 11-47-42).",
      "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/statutes/title11/11-47/11-47-42.HTM",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ri",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "Carrying concealed a dagger, dirk, stiletto, sword-in-cane, bowie knife or any knife with a blade over 3 inches is prohibited; smaller pocketknives may be carried concealed (R.I. Gen. Laws 11-47-42).",
      "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/statutes/title11/11-47/11-47-42.HTM",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "sc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No SC statute preempts local knife ordinances; 23-31-510 preempts only local regulation of firearms and ammunition, not knives.",
      "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t23c031.php",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "sc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "South Carolina has no statute banning switchblades/automatic knives or limiting blade length; adult ownership and carry are unrestricted statewide (K-12 schools cap blades at 2 inches).",
      "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t16c023.php",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "sc",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "SC's concealed-weapon statute (16-23-460) was repealed by the 2024 Constitutional Carry Act, so no state law bars carrying an ordinary knife concealed.",
      "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t16c023.php",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "sd",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No SD statute preempts local knife ordinances; the municipal (9-19-20) and county (7-18A-36) preemption laws cover only firearms and ammunition.",
      "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/9-19-20.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "sd",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "South Dakota repealed its automatic-knife ban (1976) and ballistic-knife ban (2006); current SDCL ch. 22-14 has no knife-type or blade-length prohibition.",
      "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/22-14-19",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "sd",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "SD sets no blade-length limit and allows concealed carry of ordinary knives; concealing a dangerous weapon is a crime only if done with intent to commit a felony (SDCL 22-14-8).",
      "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/22-14-8",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "tn",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Switchblade/automatic knives aren't on Tennessee's prohibited-weapons list; a 2014 amendment removed switchblades from T.C.A. 39-17-1302, so autos are legal to own and carry.",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-39/chapter-17/part-13/section-39-17-1302/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "tn",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Tennessee does not restrict carrying a knife, openly or concealed; the carrying-with-intent-to-go-armed offense (T.C.A. 39-17-1307(a)(1)) reaches only a firearm or a club, not knives.",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-39/chapter-17/part-13/section-39-17-1307/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "tn",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Tennessee expressly preempts local knife regulation; T.C.A. 39-17-1314(f) reserves the transfer, ownership, possession and transportation of knives to the state.",
      "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-39/chapter-17/part-13/section-39-17-1314/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "tx",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No concealed/open distinction or dirk ban; common knives carry freely. Only 'location-restricted knives' (blade over 5.5 in) are limited by location (46.03) and barred to under-18s (46.02).",
      "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.46.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "tx",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No switchblade/auto ban; HB 1935 (2017) removed the 'illegal knife' class and switchblades appear nowhere in Penal Code ch. 46, so automatic knives are legal to own and carry (Tex. Penal Code 46.01).",
      "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.46.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "tx",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Tex. Local Gov't Code 229.001 bars municipalities from adopting or enforcing regulations on the carrying, ownership or transport of knives — statewide preemption of local knife ordinances.",
      "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/LG/htm/LG.229.htm",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ut",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No blade-length limit; Utah's only concealment offense (76-11-202) covers firearms carried by under-21s, so non-restricted adults may carry knives concealed.",
      "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter11/76-11-S202.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ut",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No switchblade ban; a knife is a 'dangerous weapon' only by use (Utah Code 76-11-101), and only 'restricted persons' are barred, so autos are legal to own/carry for ordinary adults.",
      "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title76/Chapter11/76-11-S101.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "ut",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Utah reserves knife regulation to the state; 10-8-47.5 bars municipalities (and 17-60-502 counties) from enacting knife ordinances = statewide knife preemption.",
      "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title10/Chapter8/10-8-S47.5.html",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "va",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No knife preemption: Va. Code 15.2-915 bars localities from regulating firearms and ammunition only, so localities may regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/15.2-915/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "va",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "An adult may carry a common folding pocketknife concealed, but concealing a dirk, bowie, stiletto, ballistic knife, machete or like weapon is a Class 1 misdemeanor (Va. Code 18.2-308).",
      "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-308/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "va",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Switchblades are legal for adults — VA repealed possession/transfer limits (2022) and removed them from the concealed-carry ban list (2023); only ballistic knives remain prohibited to sell/give (18.2-311).",
      "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/18.2-311/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "vt",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No knife preemption: 24 V.S.A. 2295 bars localities from regulating only firearms, ammunition, traps and hunting/fishing/trapping, so towns may still regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/24/061/02295",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "vt",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Vermont repealed its switchblade ban in 2025 (Act 64, signed 6/12/2025); autos/OTF/gravity knives of any length are now legal to own and carry (13 V.S.A. 4013 now covers only zip guns).",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/13/085/04013",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "vt",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No blade-length limit or concealed-knife ban; an adult may carry any common knife concealed, and carrying a weapon is criminal only if done with intent to injure another (13 V.S.A. 4003).",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/13/085/04003",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wa",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "restricted",
      "summary": "Washington still bans spring-blade knives (switchblades, gravity and OTF knives): making, selling or possessing one is a gross misdemeanor (RCW 9.41.250).",
      "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.41.250",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wa",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No knife preemption: RCW 9.41.290 occupies only the field of firearms regulation, so localities (e.g., Seattle's fixed-blade limit) may regulate knives.",
      "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.41.290",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wa",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "conditional",
      "summary": "No statewide blade-length limit, but furtively carrying any dagger, dirk or other dangerous weapon with intent to conceal is a gross misdemeanor; common knives may be carried (RCW 9.41.250).",
      "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.41.250",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Under Wis. Stat. 66.0409(2) (2015 Act 149) no city, village, town or county may regulate 'any knife' more stringently than a state statute — explicit statewide knife preemption.",
      "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/66.0409",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Any adult may carry a knife concealed with no blade-length or mechanism limit; only a person barred from firearm possession commits a crime by carrying a concealed dangerous-weapon knife (Wis. Stat. 941.231).",
      "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/941.231",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wi",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Wisconsin repealed its switchblade ban via 2015 Act 149; no statute restricts automatic, OTF, gravity or other knives by type, and any adult may own and carry them (Wis. Stat. 941.23).",
      "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/941.23",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wv",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "West Virginia bans no knife by type; switchblade, gravity and OTF knives are lawful 'deadly weapons' that adults 21+ may own and carry, concealed included, without a license (2016 constitutional carry).",
      "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/61-7-3/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wv",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Adults 21+ may carry a concealed deadly weapon (any knife) without a license; a pocketknife with a blade 3.5 in or less, or a recreational/tool knife, isn't a regulated 'deadly weapon' (W. Va. Code 61-7-2).",
      "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/61-7-2/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wv",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "Municipalities may not restrict the purchase, possession, ownership or carrying of any 'deadly weapon' — defined by 61-7-2 to include knives — except in limited municipal buildings/rec facilities (8-12-5a).",
      "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/8-12-5a/",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wy",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.preemption",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "WY preempts local regulation of 'firearms, weapons and ammunition,' reserving it to the state; the broad 'weapons' term covers knives — effectively statewide knife preemption (W.S. 6-8-401).",
      "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title06.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wy",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.concealed_carry",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "A common knife may be carried concealed (a 'deadly weapon' only if used/intended as one); Wyoming permitless carry covers eligible adults; no blade-length limit (W.S. 6-8-104).",
      "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title06.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction_id": "wy",
      "category_id": "knives",
      "subcategory_id": "knives.automatic",
      "status": "permitted",
      "summary": "No Wyoming statute bans or restricts switchblade, automatic (OTF), gravity or any knife by type; such knives may be freely owned and carried (W.S. Title 6).",
      "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title06.pdf",
      "verified_at": "2026-07-07"
    }
  ]
}