{ "dataset": "vehicle", "license": "LawLert Open Law Data — CC BY 4.0. Attribute to \"LawLert (https://www.lawlertapp.com)\". General legal information from official sources, not legal advice. Verify against the linked official source before relying on it.", "generated": "2026-07-21T09:17:08.148Z", "count": 561, "rules": [ { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No state statute authorizes photo speed/red-light enforcement; AS Title 28 requires citations by a peace officer. Anchorage charter (1997) bars camera tickets.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/statutesPDF/Title-28.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side (driver/passenger) windows must allow >=70% light; windshield may have a non-reflective strip <=5 in. from the top. 13 AAC 04.223.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/aac.asp#13.04.223", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting/screen-device ban; handheld voice calls exempt for adults. Alaska Stat. 28.35.161.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/24?Hsid=HB0012C", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal seasonally: Sep 16–Apr 30 north of 60°N, Oct 1–Apr 14 south of 60°N — 13 AAC 04.110 / Alaska DOT&PF.", "source_url": "https://dot.alaska.gov/gen_travelinfo.shtml", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Working muffler required; cutouts/bypasses and exhaust mods amplifying noise prohibited (no fixed dB) — 13 AAC 04.215.", "source_url": "https://regulations.justia.com/states/alaska/title-13/part-1/chapter-04/article-4/section-13-aac-04-215", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame ride-height or lift limit; general equipment-safety rules apply — Alaska Stat. §28.35.161 (vehicle equipment).", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ak/title-28-motor-vehicles/ak-st-sect-28-35-161/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — since Aug 2022 Alaska requires one plate on the rear of passenger vehicles (AS 28.10.171); front only for commercial >10,001 lbs.", "source_url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/vehicle-services/license-plates/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required for riders under 18, passengers, and instruction-permit holders; licensed adults 18+ exempt. AS 28.35.245.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#28.35.245", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ak", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On multilane roads vacate the lane nearest a stopped emergency, fire, police, tow, maintenance/road-service or animal-control vehicle with flashing lights; else slow.", "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp#28.35.185", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move over a lane (or slow 15+ mph under the limit if unable) for stopped police, emergency, tow, utility, maintenance & sanitation vehicles with lights on.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/alabama/title-32/chapter-5a/article-3/section-32-5a-58-2/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=32% light (VLT, 3% tolerance); only the upper 6 in. of the windshield may have transparent tint. Ala. Code 32-5C-2.", "source_url": "https://www.alea.gov/dps/highway-patrol/alabama-tinting-regulations", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — single plate displayed on the rear; no front plate required (Ala. Code §32-6-51).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/alabama/title-32/chapter-6/article-2/division-1/division-1/section-32-6-51", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory bumper/frame ride-height or lift limit; only the general 13 ft 6 in overall vehicle height limit applies — Ala. Code §32-9-20.", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/al/title-32-motor-vehicles-and-traffic/al-code-sect-32-9-20/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting/distracted-use ban; handheld holding alone not banned statewide (requires observed distracted driving). Ala. Code 32-5A-350.1.", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2023RS/SB301-enr.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studded tires permitted only when needed for safety due to snow, rain, or skid conditions; otherwise prohibited — Ala. Code 32-5-210.", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/al/title-32-motor-vehicles-and-traffic/al-code-sect-32-5-210.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; muffler cutout/bypass/no-baffle devices prohibited; excessive noise/smoke barred (no fixed dB) — Ala. Code §32-5-216.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/alabama/title-32/chapter-5/article-9/division-1/section-32-5-216/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "All motorcycle operators and passengers must wear a helmet, regardless of age. Code of Ala. 32-5A-245.", "source_url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-5A-245", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "al", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No statewide ban; photo enforcement is local-option, authorized city-by-city by special local act (Montgomery, Tuscaloosa, etc.).", "source_url": "https://www.dot.state.al.us/publications/Design/pdf/TrafficSafetyOp/RedLightRunningCameraImplementationGuide.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studded tires permitted Nov 15–Apr 15 only; studs may not protrude over 1/16 inch — Ark. Code 27-37-402.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-3/chapter-37/subchapter-4/section-27-37-402/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — one plate issued and displayed on the rear; no front plate required (Ark. Code §27-14-716).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-2/chapter-14/subchapter-7/section-27-14-716/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Photo speed/red-light cameras barred as standalone enforcement: an officer must be present and issue the citation; narrow interstate work-zone exception (Act 707, 2023).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-4/chapter-52/subchapter-1/section-27-52-110/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to the farthest lane from a stopped authorized vehicle (police, emergency, ARDOT, contractor, utility, tow) with lights; if unsafe, slow with caution.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-4/chapter-51/subchapter-3/section-27-51-310/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 21. Ark. Code 27-20-104.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-2/chapter-20/subchapter-1/section-27-20-104/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Factory-spec muffler in good order required; cutouts/bypasses and devices producing excessive noise/smoke banned (no fixed dB) — Ark. Code §27-37-601.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-3/chapter-37/subchapter-6/section-27-37-601/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting banned for all (Paul's Law); handheld talking allowed for adults, banned only for under-18/under-21. Ark. Code 27-51-1504.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-4/chapter-51/subchapter-15/section-27-51-1504/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows (1994+ models) must allow >=25% light; windshield strip may not extend >5 in. from the top. Ark. Code 27-37-306.", "source_url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ar", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Squatted-vehicle ban: front bumper may not exceed rear bumper by 4+ in (Act 492 of 2025) — Ark. Code §27-35-214; overall height limit Ark. Code §27-35-207.", "source_url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=492.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. Ariz. Rev. Stat. 28-914.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00914.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No bumper/frame height or lift limit; only 13 ft 6 in overall height (ARS §28-1094) and tire-coverage (fender/mudguard) rule under ARS §28-964 apply.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01094.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Working muffler required; muffler cutout/bypass prohibited; excessive fumes/smoke barred; civil penalty (no fixed dB) — A.R.S. §28-955.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arizona/title-28/section-28-955/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — single plate attached to the rear; no front plate required (A.R.S. §28-2354).", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/02354.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=28", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Ariz. Rev. Stat. 28-964.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00964.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Photo speed & red-light enforcement allowed statewide; state law (Title 28, 28-1602) governs photo-enforcement citations. Many cities operate cameras.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/01602.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Approaching a stopped vehicle with flashing lights (police, fire, ambulance, tow, ADOT/maintenance), move to a non-adjacent lane if able; else slow.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00775.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studded tires permitted Oct 1–May 1 only; studs limited to 3% of tread contact area — Ariz. Rev. Stat. 28-958.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00958.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "az", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow 33% light transmission (+/-3%) and reflect no more than 35% (+/-3%); windshield top tint allowed only above 29 in. over the undepressed driver's seat, non red/amber. A.R.S. 28-959.01.", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00959-01.htm", "verified_at": "2026-07-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max frame height by GVWR: 23 in passenger; 27/30/31 in for vehicles up to 4,500/7,500/10,000 lb; body floor <=5 in above frame — Cal. Veh. Code §24008.5.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=24008.5", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Red-light cameras at local option; speed cameras only via AB 645 pilot in 6 cities (LA, Glendale, Long Beach, SF, San Jose, Oakland) thru 2032.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB645", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "All motorcycle drivers and passengers must wear a safety helmet, regardless of age. Cal. Veh. Code 27803.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=27803.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On freeways, move to a non-adjacent lane (or slow if unsafe) for stopped emergency vehicles, tow trucks, and Caltrans/DOT vehicles displaying flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=21809.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld phone use banned for all drivers; hands-free only. Calif. Veh. Code 23123.5.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=23123.5.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — when two plates are issued they must be displayed one front and one rear (Cal. Veh. Code §5200).", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=5200.", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studded tires permitted Nov 1–Apr 30 only (retractable studs allowed year-round) — Cal. Veh. Code 27454.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=27454", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; windshield-mount obstruction rules may apply. No state ban on detectors.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codesTOCSelected.xhtml?tocCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=70% light - only clear, colorless film (88% film transmittance; 70% combined with the glass, per FMVSS 205). Windshield tint only on the topmost portion, bottom edge at least 29 in. above the undepressed driver's seat, non red/amber, and it must not add glare. Cal. Veh. Code 26708.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=26708.&lawCode=VEH", "verified_at": "2026-07-02" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar/laser jammers banned: use, possess, sell prohibited. Cal. Veh. Code 28150.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=28150.", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ca", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Adequate muffler, no cutout/bypass; under-6,000-lb vehicles capped at 95 dBA (SAE J1169); aftermarket exhaust must be CARB-legal — CVC §§27150-27151, 27156.", "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=27150", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/colorado-revised-statutes", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar/laser jamming devices prohibited; class 2 misdemeanor traffic offense. C.R.S. 42-4-1415.", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/colorado-revised-statutes", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On multilane roads, move at least one lane away (or slow with due care if unable) for stopped emergency, tow, and public utility vehicles with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/colorado/title-42/regulation-of-vehicles-and-traffic/article-4/part-7/section-42-4-705/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round on passenger vehicles; studs may not project over 1/16 inch — Colo. Rev. Stat. 42-4-228.", "source_url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Red-light cameras and photo speed radar legal statewide (local-option); photo radar limited to school/residential/work zones & park-adjacent streets. No license points.", "source_url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/content/speed-photo-radar-and-red-light-cameras-automated-vehicle-identification-systems", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Adequate muffler required; cutoff/bypass and exhaust mods raising noise above stock prohibited (no fixed dB for passenger cars) — C.R.S. §42-4-225.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/colorado/title-42/regulation-of-vehicles-and-traffic/article-4/part-2/section-42-4-225/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld mobile device use banned for all drivers (eff. 2025); hands-free required. SB24-065, Colo. Rev. Stat. 42-4-239.", "source_url": "https://www.codot.gov/safety/distracteddriving/colorado-hands-free-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — non-motorcycle vehicles must display one plate in front and one in rear (C.R.S. §42-3-202).", "source_url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=27% light; windshield must allow >=70% (non-reflective tint only on top 4 in.). C.R.S. 42-4-227.", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper-height number; suspension may not be altered from maker's design except per dept specs (heavy-duty shocks/springs OK) — C.R.S. §42-4-233.", "source_url": "https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_42-4-233", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "co", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Colo. Rev. Stat. 42-4-1502.", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/colorado-revised-statutes", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Conn. Gen. Stat. 14-289g.", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_248.htm#sec_14-289g", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/titles.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (+/-3%); windshield-top tint only above 29 in. over the seat, non red/amber. Conn. Gen. Stat. 14-99g.", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_246.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — vehicles issued two plates must display them at front and rear (Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-18).", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/PS95/rpt/olr/htm/95-R-0068.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Suspension may not raise sprung body >4 in above maker's unladen height nor lower clearance below 4 in — RCSA §14-137-25 (under Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-80).", "source_url": "https://eregulations.ct.gov/eRegsPortal/Browse/RCSA/Title_14Subtitle_14-137Section_14-137-25/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld phone use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. Conn. Gen. Stat. 14-296aa.", "source_url": "https://www.jud.ct.gov/lawlib/law/cellphone.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option: 2023 law lets municipalities run red-light & speed cameras only after a public hearing and state DOT plan approval; no statewide deployment.", "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dot/programs/automated-traffic-enforcement-safety-device", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler required; gutted mufflers, cutouts, straight pipes banned; DMV regs set dB limits (cars ~72-81 dBA) — Conn. Gen. Stat. §§14-80, 14-80a.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-14/chapter-246/section-14-80/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Slow below the limit and, if safe, move over a lane for any stationary emergency vehicle (incl. maintenance & wreckers/tow trucks) with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2024/sup/chap_248.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires (and chains) permitted Nov 15–Apr 30 only — Conn. Gen. Stat. 14-98.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-14/chapter-246/section-14-98/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ct", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Approaching a stopped vehicle with flashing/hazard lights, change to a non-adjacent lane if safe; if unable, slow to a reasonable speed for conditions (18 DCMR 2210).", "source_url": "https://fems.dc.gov/page/movetotherightdc", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Broadly authorized: the Mayor may use automated speed and red-light cameras to detect moving infractions; recorded images are prima facie evidence (D.C. Code 50-2209.01).", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2209.01", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar detectors banned: use/possession in autos and sale prohibited. DCMR 18-736.", "source_url": "https://dcregs.dc.gov/Common/DCMR/SectionList.aspx?SectionNumber=18-736", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No bumper/frame ride-height or lift limit; rule only requires front/rear bumpers be installed — DCMR Title 18 §733 (Bumpers and Fenders).", "source_url": "http://dcrules.elaws.us/dcmr/18-733", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Exhaust mods amplifying noise above limits prohibited; in-use vehicle dB caps set by table (e.g. 88 dBA at 50 ft) — 20 DCMR §§2811-2812.", "source_url": "http://dcrules.elaws.us/dcmr/20-2811", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front windshield and front side windows must allow >=70% light; windshield tint only above AS-1 line/top 5 in. D.C. Code 50-2207.02.", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2207.02", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hands-free required: no using or holding a mobile phone/wireless device without a hands-free accessory while driving (DC Code 50-1731.04).", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-1731.04", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no one may operate or ride a motorcycle without an approved helmet, any age. 18 DCMR 2215.", "source_url": "https://www.dcregs.dc.gov/Common/DCMR/RuleList.aspx?ChapterNum=18-22", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded snow tires permitted Oct 15–Apr 15 only; studs may not project over 1/8 inch — DC DMV / 18 DCMR vehicle equipment rules.", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/titles/50/chapters/22", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "dc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — vehicles must display two identification tags, one front and one rear (DCMR 18-422).", "source_url": "http://dcrules.elaws.us/dcmr/18-422", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — Delaware issues a single plate displayed on the rear; no front plate required (21 Del. C. §2126).", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c021/sc02/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good order required; muffler cutouts prohibited; sale of gutted mufflers/cutouts/straight pipe unlawful (no fixed dB) — 21 Del. C. §4311.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/delaware/title-21/chapter-43/subchapter-i/section-4311/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "All riders must possess a helmet; only riders under 19 (and newly-endorsed for 2 yrs) must wear one. 21 Del. C. 4185.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc11/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "No aftermarket tint on front side windows (must meet FMVSS 205, ~70% factory glass); windshield-top tint only above the AS-1 line. 21 Del. C. 4313.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c043/sc01/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On 4+ lane roads move over a lane, or slow to 20 mph under the limit, for stopped emergency, DOT, tow, public utility, or hazard-flagged vehicles with lights.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc04/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld electronic device use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. 21 Del. C. 4176C.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c041/sc09/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Photo enforcement authorized: statewide red-light camera program (Title 21 4101 / DelDOT ERLSP) plus work-zone & residence-district speed cameras under 4170A.", "source_url": "https://deldot.gov/Programs/red_light/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Bumper height <=22 in (passenger/wagon) or <=30 in (other); frame rail no higher than bumper; body-to-frame gap <=3 in — 21 Del. C. §4318.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c043/sc01/index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "de", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires permitted Oct 15–Apr 15 only — Del. Code tit. 21, 4302.", "source_url": "https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c043/sc01/index.html#4302", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Working exhaust/muffler required, no cutout/bypass; exhaust mods louder than stock barred; DEP may set dB (none in force) — Fla. Stat. §§316.272, 316.293.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399%2F0316%2FSections%2F0316.272.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max bumper heights by net weight, ground-to-bottom (autos 22-27 in front/22-29 rear; trucks 24-28 front/26-30 rear) — Fla. Stat. 316.251.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/316.251", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Red-light cameras authorized statewide (Mark Wandall Act, 316.0083); school-zone speed cameras at local option since 2023 (316.008(9)). No general-road speed cams.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2023/316.0083", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Vacate the nearest lane for stopped emergency, sanitation, utility, wrecker, road/construction, or disabled vehicles; if unsafe, slow to 20 mph under the limit.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/316.126", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0316/0316.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=28% light and reflect <=25%; windshield non-reflective tint only above the AS-1 line. Fla. Stat. 316.2953.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2023/316.2953", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — Florida issues one plate for passenger cars, displayed on the rear; no front plate required (Fla. Stat. §316.605).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.605.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required under 21; riders 21+ exempt only if covered by $10k+ medical insurance. Fla. Stat. 316.211.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/0316.211", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal studs prohibited; only roughened/rubber studs that do not injure the highway are allowed — Fla. Stat. 316.299.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0316/Sections/0316.299.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "fl", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting banned statewide (primary); handheld use banned only in school/work zones. Fla. Stat. 316.305 & 316.306.", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2021/316.306", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Exhaust/muffler in good working order required; cutouts/bypasses and mufflers causing excessive/unusual noise prohibited (no fixed dB) — O.C.G.A. §40-8-71.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/2022/title-40/chapter-8/article-1/part-4/section-40-8-71/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Red-light cameras at local option with a GA DOT permit (40-14-20 to 26); speed cameras allowed ONLY in school zones (40-14-18). No open-road speed cams.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-40/chapter-14/article-3/section-40-14-21/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=32% light (+/-3%), reflect <=20%; windshield tint only the top 6 in. (non red/amber). O.C.G.A. 40-8-73.1.", "source_url": "https://dps.georgia.gov/georgiaaposs-new-window-tint-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal spike studded tires permitted only when needed for safety due to snow, ice, or skid conditions — Ga. Code 40-8-74.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-40/chapter-8/article-1/part-4/section-40-8-74/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld use banned for all drivers; hands-free required (Hands-Free Georgia Act). O.C.G.A. 40-6-241.", "source_url": "https://www.gahighwaysafety.org/hands-free-law/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/ocga", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "All motorcycle operators and passengers must wear a helmet, regardless of age. O.C.G.A. 40-6-315.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-40/chapter-6/article-13/part-2/section-40-6-315/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Passenger-car suspension alteration capped at +/-2 in from factory (bans 'squats'); truck frame height by GVWR 27/30/31 in — OCGA 40-8-6 & 40-8-6.1.", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/ga/title-40-motor-vehicles-and-traffic/ga-code-sect-40-8-6.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — one plate issued, fastened to the rear; no front plate required (O.C.G.A. §40-2-41).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/georgia/title-40/chapter-2/article-2/section-40-2-41", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ga", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move over a lane for stopped emergency, towing/recovery, highway-maintenance, or utility vehicles with flashing lights; if unsafe, slow & be ready to stop.", "source_url": "https://www.gahighwaysafety.org/move-over-law/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Slow to a safe speed & change lanes (or 2 lanes over) for stopped emergency vehicles incl. police, fire, EMS, sheriff & tow trucks with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/hawaii/title-17/chapter-291c/section-291c-27/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Cars: no muffler noticeably louder than factory; motorcycle/moped need muffler, no cutout/bypass (no fixed dB) — HRS §§291-24.5, 291-24.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/vol05_ch0261-0319/HRS0291/HRS_0291-0024.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max bumper height by GVWR (29 in up to 4,500 lbs; 33 in to 7,500; 35 in to 10,000); body lift limited to 3 in — Haw. Rev. Stat. 291-35.1.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/hawaii/title-17/chapter-291/section-291-35-1/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld mobile electronic device use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. Haw. Rev. Stat. 291C-137.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/vol05_ch0261-0319/HRS0291C/HRS_0291C-0137.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (+/-6%); windshield film only above the AS-1 line (or top 4 in. if no AS-1 mark). HRS 291-21.5.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/vol05_ch0261-0319/hrs0291/hrs_0291-0021_0005.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — vehicles must display plates one front and one rear; motorcycles/trailers rear only (HRS §249-7).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/hawaii/title-14/chapter-249/section-249-7/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Haw. Rev. Stat. 286-81.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0081.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Destructive metal wheel projections/studded tires prohibited (narrow Mauna Kea exception) — Haw. Rev. Stat. 291-33.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0291/HRS_0291-0033.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/docs/HRS.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "hi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Authorized only at designated Honolulu intersections: red-light cameras (Act 30/2020 pilot) plus speed enforcement at those same sites (2024 law). Not statewide.", "source_url": "https://hidot.hawaii.gov/highways/safety-camera-systems/speed-safety-cameras/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (eff. July 1 2025, citations Jan 1 2026). Iowa Code 321.276 bars holding/viewing/manipulating a device.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.276.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required to prevent excessive/unusual noise; muffler cutouts/bypasses prohibited (no fixed dB) — Iowa Code §321.436.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.436.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Change lanes or slow below the limit for stopped emergency, tow/recovery, maintenance/construction, waste vehicles, and any vehicle displaying hazard lights.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2025/321.323A.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/law/iowaCode", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one front, one rear, except motorcycles/truck tractors/pre-1949 vehicles (Iowa Code 321.37).", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.37.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 1 only (studs <=1/16 in.); prohibited rest of year except school buses/fire trucks — Iowa Code 321.442.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.442.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Windshield must allow >=70% light (VLT); front side windows and sidewings by the driver must allow >=50% VLT — a measurable statutory standard that replaced the former 70% administrative rule, effective July 1, 2026 (HF 766; Iowa Code 321.438(2)). Law-enforcement vehicles exempt on duty.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGE/91/attachments/HF766.html", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Automated cameras allowed but regulated by 2024 law (HF 2681): local jurisdictions need Iowa DOT permit per location; many were denied; 10+ mph threshold.", "source_url": "https://iowadot.gov/modes-travel/roads-highways/highway-safety-features/automated-traffic-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory ride-height, bumper-height, or lift limit for cars/light trucks; general equipment-safety rules apply — Iowa Code ch. 321.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ico/chapter/321.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ia", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No motorcycle helmet requirement at any age for on-road operation. Iowa Code 321.275.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.275.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires permitted Oct 1–Apr 30 only; board may grant exemptions — Idaho Code 49-948.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-948/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and riders under 18. Idaho Code 49-666.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch6/sect49-666/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Yield, slow down & move over a lane for stopped emergency/police vehicles with flashing lights; if unable, slow and pass with caution.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/idaho/title-49/chapter-6/section-49-625/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld mobile electronic device use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. Idaho Code 49-1401A.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch14/sect49-1401a/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good order required; cutouts/bypasses & noise mods banned; 'excessive noise' = over 92 dB(A) at 20 ft — Idaho Code §§49-937, 49-106.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-937/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law bars automated enforcement: license-plate readers may not enforce traffic infractions (except crash-related), so no red-light or speed cameras.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch14/sect49-1432/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); no windshield tint below the AS-1 line, or below 6 in. from the top if no AS-1 line. Idaho Code 49-944.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-944/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max bumper heights by GVWR class (e.g., 24 in front/26 rear up to 4,500 lbs); bumpers >=4.5 in tall; no separate lift limit — Idaho Code 49-966.", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch9/sect49-966/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "id", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one front (if vehicle has a front mounting bracket) and one rear (Idaho Code §49-428).", "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title49/t49ch4/sect49-428/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No motorcycle helmet requirement at any age; only eye protection required. 625 ILCS 5/11-1404.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-1404", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs5.asp?ActID=1815", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar/laser jamming devices prohibited in motor vehicles. 625 ILCS 5/12-613.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K12-613", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); windshield tint only as a nonreflective strip in the top 6 in. 625 ILCS 5/12-503.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K12-503.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Adequate muffler/exhaust required to prevent excessive/unusual noise; cutouts/bypasses & noise-increasing mods prohibited (no fixed dB) — 625 ILCS 5/12-602.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K12-602.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max bumper height by GVWR; absolute caps 28 in front/30 in rear regardless of GVWR for vehicles 9,000 lbs or less — 625 ILCS 5/12-608.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K12-608", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld electronic communication device use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. 625 ILCS 5/12-610.2.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K12-610.2", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited; allowed Nov 15–Apr 1 only for rural mail carriers or disabled-plate owners in unincorporated areas — 625 ILCS 5/12-405.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs4.asp?ActID=1815&ChapterID=49&SeqStart=144300000&SeqEnd=146300000", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one front, one rear must both be displayed on passenger cars (625 ILCS 5/3-413).", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/062500050K3-413.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Scott's Law: change lanes & slow down for any stopped vehicle showing flashing emergency/hazard lights (emergency, tow, disabled); if unsafe, reduce speed.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-907", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "il", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Red-light & speed cameras allowed only in 8 enabling counties (Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, Madison, McHenry, St. Clair, Will); speed cams = school/park zones only.", "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-208.6", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Change lanes or slow to 10 mph under the limit for stopped emergency, recovery/utility/waste/maintenance/construction, AND disabled vehicles with flashing/hazard lights.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-9/article-21/chapter-8/section-9-21-8-35/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (HEA 1070, eff. July 1 2020). IC 9-21-8-59: may not hold a telecommunications device while driving.", "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/indot/files/fact-sheet-1.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and riders under 18. Ind. Code 9-19-7-1.", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/9#9-19-7", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Passenger-car bumpers must stay within 3 in of original height; trucks <=11,000 lbs front/rear bumpers max 30 in to bottom — Ind. Code 9-19-4-1 & 9-19-4-2.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-9/article-19/chapter-4/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No red-light or general speed cameras-cities can't use them. Only INDOT 'Safe Zones' speed-camera pilot in highway work zones (HEA 1015) is authorized.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-9/article-21/chapter-3-5/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/laws/2024/ic/titles/9", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 1–May 1 only (year-round if retractable studs stay retracted otherwise) — Ind. Code 9-19-18-3.", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/in/title-9-motor-vehicles/in-code-sect-9-19-18-3.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Tint must allow >=30% light (VLT) and reflect <=25%; uniform for windshield/front/rear side windows. Ind. Code 9-19-19-4.", "source_url": "https://www.lafayette.in.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=93", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutouts/bypasses banned; no leaks/altered elements (no fixed dB) — Ind. Code §§9-19-8-2, 9-19-8-3.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-9/article-19/chapter-8/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "in", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — single plate displayed on the rear; no front plate required for passenger vehicles (IC 9-18.1-4-4).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/indiana/title-9/article-18-1/chapter-4/section-9-18-1-4-4", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory bumper-height, frame-height, or suspension-lift limit; general vehicle-equipment rules apply — Kan. Stat. ch. 8, art. 17.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/ksa_ch8.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/ksa_ch08.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); windshield tint only along the top, not below the AS-1 line. Kan. Stat. Ann. 8-1749a.", "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_017_0049a.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Kansas does not authorize photo enforcement; speed and red-light cameras are not used-violations require an officer's direct observation.", "source_url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/li/b2023_24/statute/008_000_0000_chapter/008_015_0000_article/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting-only ban; handheld calls allowed for adults. KSA 8-15,111: no writing/sending/reading written communication while driving.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0111.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move over a lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped emergency vehicles; 2025 law (SB 8) expanded it to any stalled/disabled vehicle showing hazard lights.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0030.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. Kan. Stat. 8-1598.", "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_015_0098.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — plate attached to the rear; front plate prohibited except limited vehicle types (K.S.A. 8-133).", "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_001_0033.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler/effective noise-suppressing system in good order required; cutouts/bypasses prohibited; excessive noise barred (no fixed dB) — K.S.A. §8-1739.", "source_url": "https://www.kslegislature.gov/li_2020/b2019_20/statute/008_000_0000_chapter/008_017_0000_article/008_017_0039_section/008_017_0039_k/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 1 only, per KDOT-approved equipment — Kan. Stat. 8-1742 / Kan. Admin. Reg. 36-7-2.", "source_url": "https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_017_0042.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ks", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No statute prohibits metal studded tires; legal year-round (KRS Ch. 189 vehicle-equipment law has no studded-tire ban).", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38038", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=37863", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory bumper-height or suspension-lift limit; only an overall height cap of 13 ft 6 in applies — Ky. Rev. Stat. 189.221.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/kentucky/chapter-189/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); windshield tint must allow >=70% light (top nonreflective strip). Ky. Rev. Stat. 189.110.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=54782", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required for riders under 21, permit holders, and those licensed under 1 year. KRS 189.285.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=6361", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting-only ban; handheld calls allowed for adults. KRS 189.292: no writing/sending/reading text-based communication while driving.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=39750", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to the adjacent lane (or slow & use caution if unsafe) for emergency, public-safety, safety-patrol and towing vehicles with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=55550", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Suitable/efficient muffler required; running with cutout removed & noise-increasing mods above factory prohibited (no fixed dB) — KRS §189.140.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=6314", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No statute authorizes general red-light or speed cameras (none in use). Only HB 664 (2025) automated speed enforcement in highway work zones is allowed.", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/recorddocuments/bill/25RS/HB664/HCS1.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ky", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — one plate displayed on the rear; semitrailer-tractors display on front (KRS 186.170).", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=57814", "verified_at": "2026-07-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle/motor-driven cycle operators and riders must wear a helmet, any age. La. R.S. 32:190.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=88170", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Laws_Toc.aspx?folder=75&level=Parent", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutouts/bypasses prohibited; noise-increasing exhaust mods banned (no fixed dB) — La. R.S. §§32:352, 32:353.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88285", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (HB 519/Act 288, eff. Aug 1 2025). R.S. 32:59 bars operating a wireless device while driving; 32:300.5 repealed.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1429150", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No state law bans or broadly authorizes photo enforcement; red-light & speed cameras operate by local ordinance (e.g., New Orleans, Baton Rouge), not statewide.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88166", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "For any vehicle parked on/near the highway showing authorized visual signals (incl. flashing amber-e.g. tow trucks), change to a non-adjacent lane or slow down.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/louisiana/revised-statutes/title-32/rs-32-125/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded/non-rubber tire protuberances prohibited; only farm machinery and tire chains exempt — La. Rev. Stat. 32:362.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/louisiana/revised-statutes/title-32/rs-32-362/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=25% light (VLT) (lowered from 40%, eff. 2025); windshield tint only on top 5 in. La. Rev. Stat. 32:361.1.", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=88294", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No bumper/frame-height limit; only a squatted-truck ban: front fender may not exceed rear by 6+ inches (La. R.S. 32:381.1, Acts 2022 No. 773).", "source_url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=1294896", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "la", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — single plate attached to the rear of passenger vehicles (La. R.S. 32:53).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/louisiana/revised-statutes/title-32/rs-32-53/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Photo speed & red-light enforcement not authorized; banned statewide except toll violations. Bills pending to allow local cameras.", "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-law-about-traffic-violations", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: every motorcycle operator/passenger must wear protective head gear (parade exception, 18+). MGL c.90 s.7.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section7", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No elevating/lowering a vehicle (GVWR up to 10,000 lbs) more than 2 inches from manufacturer's height via lift kits, springs, or tires; MGL c.90 s.7P.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section7P", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); windshield non-reflective tint top 6 in. only. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90 sec. 9D.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section9D", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 30 only; prohibited May 1–Nov 1 (registrar may allow early) — Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 90, s. 16.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section16", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move over a lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped emergency, highway maintenance & recovery/tow vehicles with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter89/Section7C", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (eff. Feb 23 2020). MGL c.90 13B: no operator shall hold a mobile electronic device.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section13b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one attached at front and one at rear of the motor vehicle (M.G.L. c.90, §6).", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section6", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required preventing excessive noise; cutouts/bypasses, removed baffles, noise-amplifying exhaust banned (no fixed dB) — M.G.L. c.90 §16.", "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter90/Section16", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ma", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "State authorizes automated enforcement: speed cameras in school/work zones (21-809) and red-light cameras by local enabling (21-202.1); not unrestricted statewide.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/transportation/title-21/subtitle-8/section-21-809/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers in motion; hands-free only. Md. Transp. 21-1124.2: may not use hands to use a handheld phone except to start/end a call.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=21-1124.2", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; muffler cutouts/bypasses and noise-amplifying tailpipe extensions prohibited (no fixed dB) — Md. Transp. §22-402.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=22-402&enactments=false", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Inspection bumper-height max 20in (Class A passenger), 28in (Class E light truck/Class M); no bumper extensions for lifts (COMAR 11.14.02.07).", "source_url": "https://regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/11.14.02.07", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move over a lane or slow down for stopped emergency, service, tow, and waste/recycling vehicles-and CMVs giving emergency aid to a disabled vehicle-showing signals.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/transportation/title-21/subtitle-4/section-21-405/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); no windshield tint below the AS-1 line or 5 in. from the top. Md. Transp. Code 22-406.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=22-406&enactments=false", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no individual may operate or ride a motorcycle without protective headgear, any age. Md. Transp. 21-1306.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr§ion=21-1306", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited statewide except Nov 1–Mar 31 for vehicles registered in Allegany, Garrett, Frederick, Washington, Carroll counties — Md. Transp. 22-405.2.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/transportation/title-22/subtitle-4/section-22-405-2/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — front and rear must both be displayed on passenger cars (Md. Transp. 13-411).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/transportation/title-13/subtitle-4/part-i/section-13-411/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "md", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (eff. Sept 19 2019). 29-A MRSA 2121 prohibits holding a handheld electronic device while driving.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2121.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max frame-end height by GVWR: 24in front/26 rear (<=4,500 lb) up to 32/34 (11,501-13,000 lb); min 10in; suspension lift cert required (29-A M.R.S. 1920).", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-asec1920.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 2–Apr 30 only; prohibited May 1–Oct 1 (MaineDOT may extend/permit) — 29-A M.R.S. 1919.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-Asec1919.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators/passengers under 18, learner's-permit holders, riders within 1 yr of test, and their passengers. 29-A MRS 2083.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-Asec2083.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — plate must be attached to front and rear, with limited exceptions (29-A M.R.S. 452).", "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec452.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); windshield tint only above the AS-1 line, or top 5 in. if none. 29-A M.R.S. 1916.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec1916.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Adequate muffler required; cutouts/bypasses & noise-increasing mods barred; cars over 95 dB (SAE J-1169) violate — Me. Rev. Stat. 29-A §1912.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-a/title29-asec1912.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law prohibits traffic surveillance cameras to enforce violations; only exceptions are school-bus cameras and Maine Turnpike toll enforcement.", "source_url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/29-a/title29-Asec2117.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "me", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Pass stationary emergency or public service vehicles (incl. tow/wreckers) showing lights in a non-adjacent lane, or at a careful, prudent speed if that's unsafe.", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2054.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (eff. June 30 2023). MCL 257.602b: shall not hold or use a mobile electronic device while driving.", "source_url": "http://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-602b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max frame/bumper height by GVWR: passenger 12in/22in; trucks <4501lbs 24/26, 4501-7500 24/28, 7501-10000 26/30; lift-block limits; MCL 257.710c.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-710c", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studs allowed only if MDOT-approved for pavement wear (none qualify); season Nov 15–Apr 1 (Oct 1–May 1 in UP/N. Lower) — MCL 257.710 / MSP.", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/msp/services/safetytips/traffic-laws-faqs", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Reduce speed 10+ mph & move over a lane for stopped emergency, road service/tow, utility, solid-waste & road-maintenance vehicles with lights.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-653b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No general photo enforcement; 2024 law (HB4132/4133) authorizes speed cameras in highway work zones only. No red-light cameras.", "source_url": "https://www.ghsa.org/news/governor-laws-safety-cameras-work-zones-michigan", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required unless rider is 21+, has 2 yrs endorsement or safety course, and carries $20k first-party medical insurance. MCL 257.658.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-658", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — plate attached to the rear; only truck/road tractors display on front (MCL 257.225(1)).", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-225", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows: aftermarket tint allowed only on top 4 in. of the glass; no added tint below that. Mich. Comp. Laws 257.709.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-709", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-act-300-of-1949", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Passenger-vehicle limits of 82 dBA over 35 mph / 76 dBA at or under 35 mph (at 50 ft); cutouts, bypasses, amplifiers banned — MCL §257.707c.", "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-707C", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18 and motorcycle instruction-permit holders. Minn. Stat. 169.974.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.974", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one front, one rear; collector/farm/motorcycle exceptions only (Minn. Stat. 169.79).", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.79", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=50% light (VLT, +/-3%); no added tint on the windshield. Minn. Stat. 169.71.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.71", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Vehicle/bumper height cannot vary >6in from original; bumper max 20in (cars), 25in (4WD/van/pickup); Minn. Stat. 169.73 subd. 3-4.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.73", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; windshield-mount obstruction rules may apply. No state ban on detectors.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "2007 court ruling barred cameras under uniformity law; a 2025-2029 state pilot (Stat. 169.147) now allows MnDOT/Minneapolis/Mendota Heights speed & red-light cameras.", "source_url": "https://www.dot.state.mn.us/trafficeng/safety/traffic-safety-cameras.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to a farther lane (or slow if unable) for stopped emergency, tow, freeway-service, maintenance, utility, construction, postal & disabled vehicles.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.18", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited for residents; limited out-of-state/rural-mail-carrier-permit exceptions only — Minn. Stat. 169.72.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.72", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (eff. Aug 1 2019). Minn. Stat. 169.475 bars holding a wireless communications device with one or both hands.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.475", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required preventing excessive/unusual noise; muffler cutouts, bypasses or similar devices banned (no statutory dB) — Minn. Stat. §169.69.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.69", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers (jamming speed-measuring devices) banned: sale, use, possession. Minn. Stat. 169.14 subd. 12.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.14", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required for riders under 26 and any permit holder; 26+ may go without. RSMo 302.020.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=302.020", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld ban for all drivers; hands-free only (Siddens Bening Hands Free Law, enforced Jan 1 2025). RSMo 304.822 bars holding an electronic communication device.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=304.822", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "MO Supreme Court (2015, Tupper/Moline Acres line) struck red-light & speed camera ordinances on due-process grounds; cameras not enforceable, largely defunct.", "source_url": "https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/mayor/news/red-light-safety-cameras-invalid.cfm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "RSMo 307.172 sets GVWR-tiered max bumper heights (22 in non-commercial; up to 31 in rear at 9,001-11,500 lbs) and bars vision-obstructing raises.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.172", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal/carbide studded tires legal Nov 1–Mar 31 only; prohibited Apr 1–Nov 1 — Mo. Rev. Stat. 307.171.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.171", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneChapter.aspx?chapter=304", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Properly attached muffler required to quiet exhaust; muffler cutouts and excessive noise barred (no fixed dB); violation an infraction — Mo. Rev. Stat. §307.170.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.170", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT, +/-3%); windshield tint prohibited except factory top strip. Mo. Rev. Stat. 307.173.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=307.173", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — front and rear on passenger cars; antique/no-bracket exceptions (RSMo 301.130).", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=301.130", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mo", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move over a lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped vehicles displaying red/blue or amber/white lights - emergency, tow, utility & MoDOT vehicles.", "source_url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=304.022", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=28% light (VLT); certification label required. Miss. Code Ann. 63-7-59.", "source_url": "https://www.driverservicebureau.dps.ms.gov/node/324", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No bumper/lift height limit; 2024 squatted-truck ban bars front fender raised 4+ in. above rear (Miss. Code Ann. 63-7-105); 13'6 in max overall.", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/HB/0300-0399/HB0349SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Change to a non-adjacent lane (or slow if unable) for stopped emergency, recovery/tow, utility, sanitation & highway-maintenance vehicles with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-63/chapter-3/article-17/section-63-3-809/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — one tag furnished, fastened at the rear of the vehicle (Miss. Code 27-19-31).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-27/chapter-19/article-1/section-27-19-31/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law bans automated traffic cameras: counties/cities may not use camera/radar systems to enforce signals or speed (removal required by Oct 2009).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-17/chapter-25/section-17-25-19/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Non-rubber tire studs/protuberances prohibited; only farm machinery and tire chains exempt — Miss. Code 63-7-67.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-63/chapter-7/general-provisions/section-63-7-67/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order in constant operation required to prevent excessive/unusual noise/smoke; cutouts/bypasses banned (no fixed dB) — Miss. Code §63-7-55.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-63/chapter-7/general-provisions/section-63-7-55/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting-only ban; handheld calls allowed for adults. Miss. Code 63-33-1 bars texting/social media on a handheld phone while driving.", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2018/html/HB/0900-0999/HB0900SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no person may operate or ride a motorcycle/motor scooter without a crash helmet, any age. Miss. Code 63-7-64.", "source_url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2012/html/HB/1200-1299/HB1203SG.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ms", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-63/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Reduce speed (20-30 mph below limit or half) & move to a non-adjacent lane for stopped law-enforcement, emergency & highway-worker vehicles with lights.", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0030/section_0880/0610-0080-0030-0880.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No statewide handheld or texting ban for adult drivers (local ordinances only); SB 359 failed 2025. Montana DOT confirms no statewide law.", "source_url": "https://www.mdt.mt.gov/visionzero/people/distractions.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — front and rear must both be displayed on motor vehicles (MCA 61-3-301).", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/2022/mca/title_0610/chapter_0030/part_0030/section_0010/0610-0030-0030-0010.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=24% light; windshield tint must be clear below the AS-1 line. Mont. Code Ann. 61-9-405.", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0050/0610-0090-0040-0050.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18. MCA 61-9-417.", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0170/0610-0090-0040-0170.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/lift height limit; MCA 61-9-430 only requires bumpers on vehicles under 10,000 lbs; 14 ft max overall (MCA 61-10-103).", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0300/0610-0090-0040-0300.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required preventing excessive noise/smoke; muffler cutouts and bypasses prohibited (no fixed dB) — Mont. Code Ann. §61-9-403.", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0090/part_0040/section_0030/0610-0090-0040-0030.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapters_index.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law prohibits automated enforcement systems attached to traffic-control devices (except railroad grade crossings).", "source_url": "https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0020/section_0060/0610-0080-0020-0060.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 1–May 31 only; studs <=1/16 in. protrusion — Mont. Code Ann. 61-9-406.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/montana/title-61/chapter-9/part-4/section-61-9-406/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "mt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On multilane roads move over a lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped emergency & public service vehicles, including tow trucks and utility vehicles, with lights on.", "source_url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/initiatives-policies/safety/driving-safety/Pages/move-over-law.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded snow tires permitted year-round; studs <=1/16 in. beyond tread — N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-122.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-122.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: operator and all passengers must wear a FMVSS 218 safety helmet, any age. N.C.G.S. 20-140.4.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-140.4.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting/email while driving banned for all drivers; handheld talking still allowed. N.C.G.S. 20-137.4A.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-137.4A.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — one plate issued, attached to the rear (front only for truck-tractors) (N.C.G.S. 20-63).", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_20/gs_20-63.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "OEM-type muffler/exhaust in good working order required; muffler cut-outs prohibited (no fixed dB) — N.C. Gen. Stat. §20-128.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.net/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_20/gs_20-128.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/Laws/GeneralStatuteSections/Chapter20", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); windshield tint only above AS-1 line or top 5 in., whichever is longer. N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-127.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-127.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Carolina Squat banned: front fender cannot exceed rear fender height by 4+ inches via suspension/frame/chassis alteration; N.C. Gen. Stat. 20-135.4(d).", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-135.4.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option: red-light & school-zone speed cameras allowed only for cities/counties authorized by state enabling statute; fines must fund schools.", "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.net/enactedlegislation/statutes/html/bysection/chapter_20/gs_20-157.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On interstates/multilane highways move to a non-adjacent lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped emergency, DOT, and now ANY vehicle with flashing hazard lights.", "source_url": "https://www.dot.nd.gov/news/north-dakota-expands-move-over-law-prevent-roadside-deaths", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 15–Apr 15 only; studs <=1/16 in. — N.D. Cent. Code 39-21-40 / ND Highway Patrol.", "source_url": "https://www.nd.gov/ndhp/node/120", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Max bumper height 27 in and max body/cargo-floor height 42 in on registered vehicles; front/rear bumpers required; N.D. Cent. Code 39-21-45.1.", "source_url": "https://www.nd.gov/ndhp/node/125", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18; passengers of a helmet-required operator must also wear. N.D.C.C. 39-10.2-06.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c10-2.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=50% light (VLT); windshield >=70%, non-reflective tint allowed above AS-1 line or top 5 in. N.D. Cent. Code 39-21-39.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c21.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "North Dakota does not authorize automated speed or red-light camera enforcement; citations must be issued by an officer who observes the violation.", "source_url": "https://www.dot.nd.gov/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one front, one rear conspicuously displayed (N.D.C.C. 39-04-11).", "source_url": "https://www.nd.gov/ndhp/node/130", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting (compose/read/send electronic message) banned for all drivers; handheld talking allowed; under-18 no devices. N.D.C.C. 39-08-23.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c08.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutout/bypass and excessive/unusual noise prohibited (no fixed dB) — N.D. Cent. Code §39-21-37.", "source_url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c21.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting/reading/typing banned for all drivers; handheld talking still allowed. Secondary enforcement. Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,179.01.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,179.01", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light; windshield tint only above the AS-1 line. Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,257.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,257", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — front and rear for most vehicles (Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-399); single-rear law passed but not yet effective.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-399", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/ride-height or lift limit; only an overall vehicle-height cap of 14 ft 6 in (Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,289).", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,289", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=60", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Since 2024 (LB1004): helmet required unless rider is 21+ with a Class M license and completed an approved safety course. Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,279.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,279", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 1 only; prohibited rest of year — Neb. Rev. Stat. 60-6,250.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,250", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On controlled-access highways, move a lane away (or slow down if unable) when approaching/passing any stopped occupied vehicle, incl. emergency & road-assistance.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,378", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No state statute authorizes automated speed or red-light camera enforcement; cameras not used for citations. 2025 bills (LB 600/616) proposed but not enacted.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-statutes.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ne", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler/noise-suppressing system required in good working order; cutouts/bypasses unlawful; noise-increasing mods banned (no fixed dB) — Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-6,286.", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6,286", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Slow down & move over for any stopped/standing vehicle showing warning signals (hazard lights, flares, cones) incl. emergency, tow & disabled vehicles (Sherrill's Law).", "source_url": "https://www.highwaysafety.dos.nh.gov/safety-programs-tips/move-over", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Altered horizontal bumper must be 16-20 in (private passenger) or 16-30 in (other); over-limit needs DMV director approval (RSA 266:9).", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/266/266-9.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators/passengers under 18; no helmet law for adults 18+. RSA 265:122.", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/265/265-122.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "No seasonal studded-tire ban; use governed by Dept. of Safety tire rules under N.H. RSA 266:48, effectively year-round.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-hampshire/title-xxi/chapter-266/section-266-48/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=70% light; aftermarket windshield tint is unlawful. N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. 266:58-a.", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.nh.gov/vehicles-boats-or-titles/inspections-emissions/tinted-windows", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State bans highway 'surveillance' (cameras/devices to ID vehicle owner or occupants) on public ways - prohibits red-light & speed cameras; officer must witness.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-hampshire/title-xx/chapter-236/section-236-130/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler required in good working order; cutouts/bypasses and straight-pipe exhaust prohibited; no car dB limit (266:59-a dB is motorcycles only) — N.H. RSA §266:59.", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XXI/266/266-59.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — both front and rear must be displayed on passenger vehicles (RSA 261:75).", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/xxi/261/261-75.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld mobile electronic device use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. RSA 265:79-c.", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/265/265-79-c.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/nhtoc/nhtoc-xxi.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cut-outs/bypasses and excessive/unusual noise prohibited (no fixed dB) — N.J. Stat. §39:3-70.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-39/section-39-3-70/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Red-light camera pilot expired Dec 2014 and was not renewed; speed cameras never authorized - both photo-enforcement types now prohibited statewide.", "source_url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates issued and required — front and rear both displayed when two are issued (N.J.S.A. 39:3-33).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-39/section-39-3-33/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-39/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld wireless phone/device use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. N.J.S.A. 39:4-97.3.", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/lps/hts/downloads/2013c70_law.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Lifted vehicles must pass NJAC 13:20-37 specialty inspection; bumpers no lower than 16 in, max tire dia. 38 in (GVWR <=10,000 lb); penalties via NJSA 39:3-79.", "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/new-jersey/N-J-A-C-13-20-37-3", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: helmets required by law for all motorcycle operators and riders, any age. N.J.S.A. 39:3-76.7.", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/pdf/license/mcm996.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "No aftermarket tint allowed on the windshield or front side windows (medical/law-enforcement exempt). N.J. Rev. Stat. 39:3-74.", "source_url": "https://pub.njleg.gov/bills/2020/A4000/3728_I1.HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 15–Apr 1 only; prohibited rest of year — N.J. Admin. Code 13:20-33.19 (under N.J.S.A. 39:3-72).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-jersey/title-39/section-39-3-72/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Change to a non-adjacent lane (or slow below the limit & be ready to stop) for stopped emergency, tow, highway-maintenance, emergency-service & sanitation vehicles.", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/oag/hts/move-over-law/move-over-law-text.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nj", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 18; adults 18+ exempt. NMSA 66-7-356.", "source_url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/15%20Regular/final/HB0065.PDF", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Drive in a non-adjacent lane & slow to a prudent speed (or slow & be ready to stop if unable) for stopped emergency, recovery & repair vehicles with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/nm/chapter-66-motor-vehicles/nm-st-sect-66-7-332/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No statewide ban; automated speed/red-light enforcement is a local option - municipalities (e.g., Albuquerque, Las Cruces) operate cameras under local ordinance.", "source_url": "https://www.cabq.gov/automated-speed-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No NM statute limits bumper/frame/ride height or lift kits; only overall vehicle height is capped at 14 ft under NMSA 66-7-404(A).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-66/article-7/part-5/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutout/bypass and excessive/unusual noise prohibited (no fixed dB) — N.M. Stat. §66-3-844.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/chapter-66/article-3/section-66-3-844/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded snow tires permitted year-round (no date limit) when designed to increase ice/snow traction — N.M. Stat. 66-3-847.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-mexico/2018/chapter-66/article-3/section-66-3-847/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/nav.do", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — single plate issued, attached to the rear (front only for road/truck tractors) (NMSA 66-3-18).", "source_url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/vehicles/license-plates/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=20% light (nonreflective); windshield tint only top 5 in./above AS-1 line. N.M. Stat. Ann. 66-3-846.1.", "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/nav_date.do", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nm", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Statewide texting/messaging ban (read/view/type/send) for all drivers; handheld talking allowed; under-18 no device use. NMSA 66-7-374.", "source_url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/sessions/13%20Regular/bills/house/HB0043TCS.HTML", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (+/-7%); windshield tint only on topmost portion (bottom edge >=29 in. above seat). Nev. Rev. Stat. 484D.440.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 1–Apr 30 only; prohibited rest of year — Nev. Rev. Stat. 484D.510.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/nevada/chapter-484d/statute-484d-510/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld use (talk/text/data) banned for all drivers; hands-free required statewide. NRS 484B.165.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484B.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: driver and passenger must wear protective headgear when a motorcycle/moped is driven on a highway. NRS 486.231.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-486.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Slow down, proceed with caution & move to a non-adjacent lane when possible for stopped emergency, NDOT, freeway-service & tow vehicles; also any traffic incident.", "source_url": "https://www.dot.nv.gov/safety/move-over-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Nevada law requires an officer to be present to issue a speeding/traffic citation; standalone photo speed/red-light camera enforcement is not authorized.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484b.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates issued; rear is mandatory and front must be displayed unless vehicle has no front mount/bracket (NRS 482.275).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-482.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler required in good working order per Dept. rules; cutouts/bypasses banned on highway (no fixed dB confirmed) — NRS §484D.415.", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "nv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No bumper rule; max body ground clearance by GVWR—24 in cars, 28/30/32 in trucks (4,500/7,500/10,000 lb); overall height 14 ft (NRS 484D.610, 484D.605).", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484d.html#NRS484DSec610", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Use due care moving from the adjacent lane for stopped emergency & hazard vehicles (incl. tow), and any stopped vehicle on parkways/controlled-access highways.", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/1144-A", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — front and rear both displayed on passenger vehicles (NY VTL 402).", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/402", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option: photo speed (school zones) & red-light cameras allowed only where the state legislature grants enabling authority (e.g., NYC); not statewide.", "source_url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-signs-legislation-expand-red-light-camera-programs-and-protect-new-yorkers", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler required; passenger cars (<=10,000 lb) capped at 76 dB(A) at <=35 mph / 82 dB(A) over, at 50 ft — N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §386.", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/386", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld phone (1225-c) and portable electronic device (1225-d) use banned for all drivers; hands-free required. NY VTL 1225-c/1225-d.", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/1225-C", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle operators and passengers must wear an approved (FMVSS 218) helmet, any age. NY VTL 381.", "source_url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/motorcycle-manual/motorcycle-manual-motorcycle-licenses-ownership-special-rules", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=70% light (VLT); windshield non-reflective tint top 6 in. only. N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law 375(12-a).", "source_url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/inspections/tinted-windows", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "VTL 375(48): passenger cars need bumpers 16-20 in above ground; trucks/other vehicles with body clearance over 30 in need bumpers 16-30 in.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/new-york/vat/title-3/article-9/375/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ny", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Oct 16–Apr 30 only; prohibited rest of year — N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law 375 / NY DMV.", "source_url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/new-york-state-drivers-manual-and-practice-tests/chapter-10-special-driving-conditions", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld/holding any electronic wireless device banned for all drivers; hands-free required (2023). O.R.C. 4511.204.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.204", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 15 only; prohibited rest of year — Ohio Rev. Code 5589.081.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-5589.081", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=50% light (VLT, +/-3%); windshield tint only above AS-1 line or top 5 in. Ohio Admin. Code 4501-41-03.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4501-41-03", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — front-plate requirement eliminated effective July 1, 2020 (ORC 4503.21).", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4503.21", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/title-45", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Municipalities may run speed/red-light cameras under home-rule (with restrictions); a 2025 law (HB 54) bans camera use by counties and townships.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.093", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Change to a non-adjacent lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped public-safety, emergency, road-service, waste, PUCO, and highway-maintenance vehicles with lights on.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.213", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutout/bypass and excessive smoke/gas devices prohibited (no fixed dB) — Ohio Rev. Code §4513.22.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4513.22", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18 and novice/permit holders in first year; 18+ exempt. ORC 4511.53.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.53", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "oh", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Body-floor-to-frame-top gap cannot exceed 4 in; no suspension defeat/ground-contact mods; ORC 4513.021 + Ohio Admin Code 4501-43-03.", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-administrative-code/rule-4501-43-03", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/suspension-lift limit; only general max vehicle height of 13.5 ft (county roads)/14 ft (highways) under 47 O.S. §14-103.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-47/section-47-14-103/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 1 only (vehicles <=2 tons); studs <=3/32 in. — Okla. Stat. tit. 47, 12-405.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-47/section-47-12-405/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting (compose/send/read) while driving banned for all drivers; handheld talking still allowed. 47 O.S. 11-901d.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=472996", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Jammers interfering with speed-measuring devices prohibited: use, possess, sell. Okla. Stat. tit. 47 11-808.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/Index.asp?ftdb=STOKST47&level=1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler/noise-suppressing system required; cutout/bypass and exhaust mods louder than OEM prohibited (no fixed dB) — 47 O.S. §12-402.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=437656", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=25% light (VLT), reflectance <=25%; windshield tint only above AS-1 line or top 5 in. 47 Okla. Stat. 12-422.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=82447", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/Index.asp?ftdb=STOKST47&level=1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No Title 47 statute authorizes red-light or speed cameras for general traffic citations; cameras not used (only school-bus stop-arm video is authorized).", "source_url": "https://oksenate.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/os47.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Bernardo-Mills Law: on multilane roads move to a non-adjacent lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped emergency, DOT/Turnpike, flashing-light vehicles & wreckers.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-47/section-47-11-314/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18; adults exempt. 47 O.S. 12-609.", "source_url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/index.asp?level=1&ftdb=STOKST47", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ok", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — one plate issued, attached to the rear (front only for truck-tractors) (47 O.S. 1113).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-47/section-47-1113v2/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Proper exhaust required; DEQ stationary-test cap of 88 dBA for post-1975 passenger cars (92 pre-1976) at 25 ft — Or. Rev. Stat. §815.250.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors815.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/Pages/ORS.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper-height or suspension-lift limit; general max height 14 ft under ORS 818.080; ODOT equipment standards govern safety.", "source_url": "https://oregon.public.law/statutes/ors_818.080", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Holding/using any mobile electronic device banned for all drivers; hands-free required. ORS 811.507.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors811.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Mar 31 only; fine after Mar 31 — Or. Rev. Stat. 815.165 / ODOT.", "source_url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/mct/pages/chains-and-traction-tires.aspx", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Photo red-light & photo-radar speed enforcement allowed only for cities that opt in under state law, with required signage and public-evaluation conditions.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors810.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to a non-adjacent lane or slow to 5+ mph under the limit when approaching ANY stopped vehicle showing warning/hazard lights, flares, or emergency signs.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors811.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle operators and passengers must wear a DOT helmet. ORS 814.269.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors814.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — front and rear both displayed; passenger vehicles issued two plates (ORS 803.540).", "source_url": "https://oregon.public.law/statutes/ors_803.540", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "or", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows: net light through window must be >=35% (VLT); windshield tint only top 6 in. Or. Rev. Stat. 815.221.", "source_url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors815.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=70% light (VLT); windshield must allow >=70%. 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. 4524.", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-fact-sheets/fs-sun.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld use of any interactive mobile device banned for all drivers; hands-free required (Paul Miller's Law, eff. June 5, 2025; warnings only in year one — $50 fines began June 5, 2026). 75 Pa.C.S. 3316.1.", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/penndot/news-and-media/newsroom/statewide/2025/-paul-miller-s-law--effective-june-5", "verified_at": "2026-07-13" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal Nov 1–Apr 15 only; studs <=2/32 in. — 75 Pa.C.S. 4525 / PennDOT.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.045.025.000..HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Limited: statewide work-zone speed cameras (75 Pa.C.S. 3369) and automated speed enforcement on specified Philadelphia corridors; not general statewide use.", "source_url": "https://workzonecameras.penndot.gov/policies-and-regulations/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — single plate issued and displayed on the rear; no front plate since 1952 (75 Pa.C.S. 1332).", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv/vehicle-services/registration-plates/standard-issue-registration-plate", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Under-21 must wear; 21+ exempt if licensed 2+ years or completed safety course. 75 Pa.C.S. 3525.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/LI/CT/HTM/75/00.035.025.000..HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Bumpers required at dept-specified height (75 Pa.C.S. §4536); inspection reg 67 Pa. Code §175.80 sets bumper-height ranges (e.g. 16-30 in) by vehicle class.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/pennsylvania/title-75/chapter-45/section-4536/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to a non-adjacent lane, or pass at 20+ mph under the limit if unable, for emergency-response areas (incl. tow/maintenance) AND disabled vehicles with warnings.", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/penndot/traveling-in-pa/safety/traffic-safety-driver-topics/pa-move-over-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=75", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "pa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler required; cutouts/bypasses and noise-amplifying mods prohibited; sound per Dept. regulations (no fixed statutory dB) — 75 Pa.C.S. §4523.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=75&div=0&chpt=45&sctn=23&subsctn=0", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/INDEX.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=70% light (VLT); windshield transparent tint only top 6 in. R.I. Gen. Laws 31-23.3-4.", "source_url": "https://dmv.ri.gov/node/1636", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No specific statutory bumper-height or frame-height limit codified; general max vehicle height 13.5 ft (R.I. Gen. Laws §31-25-13).", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-25/31-25-13.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Authorized with limits: red-light cameras and school-zone speed cameras (active school days, ~7am-6pm), under state enabling acts; not open statewide speed cams.", "source_url": "http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE31/31-41.3/31-41.3-4.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to a non-adjacent lane (or slow down if unable) for stopped emergency, maintenance, tow, transporter, and roadside-assistance vehicles showing warning lights.", "source_url": "https://risp.ri.gov/safety-education/motor-vehicle-safety-information/motor-vehicle-laws", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires (studs <=1/16 in. beyond tread) legal only Nov 15–Apr 1 — R.I. Gen. Laws 31-23-20.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/rhode-island/2022/title-31/chapter-31-23/section-31-23-20/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Required for operators under 21, all passengers, and first-year operators; 21+ otherwise exempt. RIGL 31-10.1-4.", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-10.1/31-10.1-4.HTM", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one plate on the front and one on the rear of passenger vehicles (R.I.G.L. 31-3-18).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/rhode-island/title-31/chapter-31-3/section-31-3-18/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutout/bypass and exhaust louder than OEM prohibited (no fixed dB) — R.I. Gen. Laws §31-23-13.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/rhode-island/title-31/chapter-31-23/section-31-23-13/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ri", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Handheld phone use (talking) banned for all drivers; hands-free required. R.I.G.L. 31-22-31 (texting also banned, 31-22-30).", "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-22/31-22-31.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Carolina Squat ban (S.C. Code §56-5-4445): unlawful if front/rear fender raised/lowered 4+ in higher than the other; cars also capped at 6 in raise/lower.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php#56-5-4445", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for operators and passengers under 21; 21+ exempt. SC Code 56-5-3660.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — single plate on the outside rear; no front plate for passenger cars (SC Code 56-3-1240).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/south-carolina/title-56/chapter-3/section-56-3-1240/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hands-free required statewide: no holding/supporting a mobile device while driving (SC Hands-Free Act, SC Code 56-5-3890; eff. Sept 1, 2025 — citations began Feb 28, 2026: $100 first offense, $200 + 2 points after).", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-07-13" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required to prevent excessive/unusual noise; muffler cutouts/bypasses prohibited (no fixed dB) — S.C. Code §56-5-5020.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=27% light (VLT); windshield non-reflective tint only above the AS-1 line. S.C. Code 56-5-5015.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round if studs project <=1/16 in. when compressed; no seasonal limit — S.C. Code 56-5-5040.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c005.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Significantly slow down and, if possible, change to a non-adjacent lane for stopped authorized emergency vehicles (incl. towing/recovery) with flashing lights.", "source_url": "https://scdps.sc.gov/drivinginsc/move-over-law", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law bars speeding/red-light citations issued in whole or part on photo evidence; tickets must be issued by an officer incident to a traffic stop.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c007.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar/laser jamming devices prohibited in motor vehicles; misdemeanor. S.C. Code 56-5-3870.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/title56.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sc", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/title56.php", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "On interstates/multilane highways merge to the farthest lane at least 300 ft before, or slow down if unable, for vehicles stopped with amber/yellow/blue warning lights.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-31-6.1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Exhaust system and muffler in good working order required; muffler cut-outs prohibited; rear/side discharge required (no fixed dB) — SDCL §32-15-17.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-15-17", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State law prohibits photo-monitoring devices to detect red-light violations and bars state DMV cooperation on red-light/speed-camera fines via interstate compact.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-28", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 18; adults exempt. SDCL 32-20-4.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-20-4", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT, 9% tolerance); windshield tint only above the AS-1 line. S.D. Codified Laws 32-15-2.4.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-15-2.4", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/suspension-lift limit; only general max vehicle height of 14 ft under SDCL 32-22-14.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-22-14", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Metal-stud tires legal only Oct 1–Apr 30; year-round for school/fire vehicles — S.D. Codified Laws 32-19-3.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-19-3", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — plates displayed one on the front and one on the rear of the vehicle (SDCL 32-5-98).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/south-dakota/title-32/chapter-05/section-32-5-98/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Bans texting/data/video on a mobile device, but holding the phone for voice calls is allowed (SDCL 32-26-47.1).", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-26-47.1", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "sd", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Red-light cameras allowed (a certified officer must review); speed cameras barred except in marked school zones and S-curves (TCA 55-8-198).", "source_url": "https://www.mtas.tennessee.edu/reference/unmanned-traffic-enforcement-cameras", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jamming devices prohibited: possess, sell, operate, or use to interfere. Tenn. Code 39-16-610.", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Oct 1–Apr 15; not on vehicles over 9,000 lbs (except school/emergency) — Tenn. Code 55-9-106.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-55/chapter-9/part-1/section-55-9-106/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutouts prohibited; 'excessive noise' includes >95 dB (SAE) for non-motorcycles, 95 dB defense — Tenn. Code §55-9-202.", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/tn/title-55-motor-and-other-vehicles/tn-code-sect-55-9-202/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hands-free required for all drivers: unlawful to physically hold/support a wireless device while driving (TCA 55-8-199).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-55/chapter-8/part-1/section-55-8-199/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT); windshield VLT may not drop below 70% except the manufacturer shade band. Tenn. Code 55-9-107.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/113/Fiscal/HB1977.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: every motorcycle driver and passenger must wear a crash helmet. TCA 55-9-302.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.tn.gov/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move into a non-adjacent lane for stopped emergency, utility, or highway-maintenance vehicles with flashing lights; if unsafe, slow down (TCA 55-8-132).", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/tdot/work-with-us/move-over-law.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — passenger-vehicle plate attached to the rear; no front plate (TCA 55-4-110).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-55/chapter-4/part-1/section-55-4-110/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tn", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Per Tenn. Code §55-9-215: passenger cars max bumper 22 in above ground; 4WD recreational vehicles 14-31 in; front lift blocks banned.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/title-55/chapter-9/part-2/section-55-9-215/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State ban: local authorities may not operate red-light cameras (HB 1631, 2019); no speed-camera authority either. Statewide prohibition.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.707.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move over a lane or slow to 20 mph below the limit for stopped emergency, tow, utility, and TxDOT vehicles with activated lights (Transp. Code 545.157).", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/docs/txTranspCode545157.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Under-21 must wear; 21+ exempt if completed safety course or have $10k+ medical insurance. Tex. Transp. Code 661.003.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.661.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — front and rear plates on passenger vehicles (Tex. Transp. Code 504.943).", "source_url": "https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/transportation-code/transp-sect-504-943/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting-only ban statewide: reading/writing/sending electronic messages while driving is illegal; handheld talking still allowed (Tex. Transp. Code 545.4251).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.545.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=25% light; windshield non-reflective tint top 5 in./above AS-1 line. Tex. Transp. Code 547.613.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar interference devices (jammers/scramblers) prohibited; Class C misdemeanor. Tex. Transp. Code 547.616.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm#547.616", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working condition required to prevent excessive/unusual noise; cutout, bypass or similar device prohibited (no fixed dB) — Tex. Transp. Code §547.604.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Metal studs prohibited; only rubber protuberances or safety tire chains allowed — Tex. Transp. Code 547.612.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.547.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "tx", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper-height or suspension-lift limit; only general max vehicle height of 14 ft under Tex. Transp. Code §621.207.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.621.htm", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Frame height max 24/26/28 in by GVWR (<4500/4500-7500/7500+ lbs); body raise max 3 in; front lift blocks barred (Utah Code 41-6a-1631 & 1633).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/C41-6a-S1631_2015051220150512.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jamming devices (incl. laser) prohibited in vehicles on highways. Utah Code 41-6a-609.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S609.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one plate in front and one in rear (front is secondary enforcement) (Utah Code 41-1a-404).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter1a/41-1a-S404.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Bans handheld texting, dialing, internet, video and data entry; handheld voice calls remain allowed (Utah Code 41-6a-1716).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1716.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for riders under 21; 21+ exempt. UCA 41-6a-1505.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1505.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Photo radar (speed) allowed only in school zones or areas <=30 mph, with an officer present, posted signs, and local approval (41-6a-608).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/C41-6a-S608_1800010118000101.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler/effective noise-suppressing system in good working order required; cut-out, bypass or similar device prohibited (no fixed dB) — Utah Code §41-6a-1626.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6A/41-6a-S1626.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (VLT), 5% variance; windshield non-reflective tint top 4 in. only. Utah Code 41-6a-1635.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1635.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Reduce speed, give space, and change lanes if safe for stationary emergency, highway-maintenance, and tow vehicles with flashing lights (41-6a-904).", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/C41-6a-S904_2023050320230503.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "ut", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Oct 15–Mar 31 (studs <=0.050 in.); not over 9,000 lbs except emergency/school — Utah Code 41-6a-1636.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6a/41-6a-S1636.html", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar detectors banned in all vehicles; sale also unlawful. Va. Code 46.2-1079.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1079/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hands-free required: unlawful to hold a handheld personal communications device while driving (Va. Code 46.2-818.2, since 2021).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-818.2/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Cars: bumpers 14-22 in; trucks by GVWR up to 28-31 in; body raise max 3 in; front bumper barred from being 4+ in above rear (squatted-truck ban), Va. Code 46.2-1063.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1063/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Local-option red-light cameras (15.2-968.1); photo speed cameras only in work zones, school crossing zones, and high-risk intersection segments (46.2-882.1).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-882.1/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Approaching a stopped vehicle with blue/red/amber lights or hazard flashers (police, fire, tow, utility), change to a non-adjacent lane if safe; else slow with caution.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-861.1/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Oct 15–Apr 15 (studs <=1/16 in., <=3% surface, <=10,000 lbs) — Va. Code 46.2-1044.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1044/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — plates on front and rear; current as of 2026 (repeal efforts failed) (Va. Code 46.2-715).", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter6/section46.2-715/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=50% total light; windshield tint only above AS-1 line (top ~5 in.). Va. Code 46.2-1052.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1052/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: all motorcycle operators and passengers must wear protective helmets. Va. Code 46.2-910.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-910/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Exhaust system in good working order required to prevent excessive/unusual noise; chambered pipes deemed violations (no fixed dB) — Va. Code §46.2-1049.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1049/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "va", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar/laser jammers banned: device to interfere with speed measurement unlawful. Va. Code 46.2-1079.", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter10/section46.2-1079/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no one may operate or ride a motorcycle without approved headgear, any age. 23 V.S.A. 1256.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01256", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — when two plates are furnished (standard for cars), one front and one rear (23 V.S.A. 511).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/007/00511", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hands-free required: no handheld use of a portable electronic device while driving, including when stopped in traffic (23 VSA 1095b).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01095b", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler with baffle plates required; gutted mufflers, cutouts, straight pipes and noise-amplifying mods prohibited (no enacted dB) — 23 V.S.A. §1221.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01221", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/title/23", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round; no seasonal restriction on studs/cleats — 23 V.S.A. 1092.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01092", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Approaching a stopped police, ambulance, fire, rescue, or tow/repair vehicle with signal lights, move over a lane if safe on multilane roads; else slow (23 V.S.A. 1050).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01050", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "No general speed/red-light cameras; only a temporary pilot (S.184/Act 135, 2024) authorizes speed cameras in limited-access-highway work zones.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/S.184", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "DMV inspection rule (VN-113): max bumper height 22 in cars; trucks/MPVs 24-28 in front, 26-31 in rear by GVWR; body-to-frame gap max 4 in.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Transportation/Agency%20of%20Transportation/W~Bob%20Church~VN-113%20Periodic%20Inspection%20Manual~3-3-2023.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "vt", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Aftermarket tint is prohibited on the windshield and front side windows; medical exemption only. 23 V.S.A. 1125.", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/013/01125", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hands-free required: using (holding/engaging) a personal electronic device while driving is a traffic infraction (RCW 46.61.672).", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.61.672", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Allowed only by local ordinance, limited to red-light (signal), railroad crossing, and school speed zones; broader speed cameras only via narrow pilots.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.63.170", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler in good working order required; cutouts/bypasses and exhaust amplified above factory muffler prohibited (no statutory dB) — RCW §46.37.390.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.390", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Near a stopped emergency vehicle, tow truck, roadside-assistance, or highway maintenance/utility vehicle with lights, move over a lane if safe; else slow down.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.61.212", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: every operator and passenger must wear a DOT helmet, no age exception. RCW 46.37.530.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.530", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=24% light; windshield non-reflective tint top 6 in. only (not into AS-1). Wash. Rev. Code 46.37.430.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.430", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Bumper min 4.5 in tall; max height by GVWR set in WAC 204-10-022; suspension lifts allowed if bumpers stay within limits (RCW 46.37.513; WAC 204-10-022).", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=204-10-022", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Nov 1–Mar 31 (extensions possible); prohibited rest of year — Wash. Rev. Code 46.37.420 / WSDOT.", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.37.420", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wa", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — two plates issued for cars; both displayed front and rear (RCW 46.16A.200).", "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.16A.200", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to a non-adjacent lane or slow for stopped emergency or roadside-service vehicles (police, fire, ambulance, tow, utility, maintenance) with warning lights.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/346/ii/072", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=50% light (non-reflective); windshield tint only above the AS-1/'A' mark. Wis. Admin. Code Trans 305.34.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/trans/305/ii/34", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No riding more than 4 in above OEM height (5 in for 4WD/trucks <=8000 lbs GVW) via suspension/axle/chassis mods (Wis. Stat. 347.455).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — when two plates are issued (standard for autos), one front and one rear (Wis. Stat. 341.15(1)).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/341.15?view=section", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State ban on photo radar: state and local authorities may not use photographic speed detection; no general red-light/speed camera authority (349.02(3)).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/349/I/02/3", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Required for riders under 18 and instructional-permit holders; 18+ licensed riders exempt. Wis. Stat. 347.485.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/statutes/347.485", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Adequate muffler in constant operation required; cutouts/bypasses and mods amplifying noise above factory muffler prohibited (no fixed dB) — Wis. Stat. §347.39.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347/iii/39", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting/email-only ban statewide: no composing/sending texts while driving; handheld talking still allowed for adults (Wis. Stat. 346.89(3)).", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/346/XIII/89", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wi", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Studded tires prohibited for residents; allowed only on emergency/school/mail vehicles and out-of-state cars passing <=30 days — Wis. Stat. 347.45.", "source_url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/347/iii/45", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "State ban: no officer may use a traffic-law photo-monitoring device, and camera evidence cannot prove red-light or speed violations (17C-6-7a).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-6-7A/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler (OEM or equivalent) in good working order required; cutout, bypass or similar device prohibited (no fixed dB) — W. Va. Code §17C-15-34.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-34/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Universal: no one may operate or ride a motorcycle without a secured helmet, any age. WV Code 17C-15-44.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-44/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Rear plate only — plate attached to the rear; only truck/road tractors mount in front (WV Code 17A-3-15).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17A-3-15/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "Bumpers must be 6-31 in (GVWR <=10,000 lbs); front lift blocks prohibited; body lift max 3 in over OEM spacer (W. Va. Code 17C-15-48).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-48/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Hands-free required for all drivers: may not physically hold/support a device or make handheld calls; hands-free only (WV Code 17C-14-15).", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-14-15/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Studded tires legal only Nov 1–Apr 15 — W. Va. Code 17C-15-37.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-37/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Approaching a stopped vehicle with flashing/hazard lights, change lanes away if possible, else slow to 15 mph (undivided)/25 mph (divided); 2025 expanded to all vehicles.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-14-9a/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wv", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=35% light (reflectivity <=20%); windshield tint top 5 in./above AS-1 line. W. Va. Code 17C-15-36a.", "source_url": "https://code.wvlegislature.gov/17C-15-36A/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.phone_use", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Texting-only ban: no writing/sending/reading text-based messages while driving; handheld calls and voice use allowed (Wyo. Stat. 31-5-237).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/wyoming/title-31/chapter-5/article-2/section-31-5-237/", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_jammer", "status": "restricted", "summary": "Radar jammers are illegal nationwide under federal law — the FCC prohibits operating, selling, or marketing jamming devices (47 U.S.C. §§ 302a(b), 333), and no FCC authorization is possible. (State has no separate jammer statute on file; the federal ban applies.)", "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/general/jammer-enforcement", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.helmet_motorcycle", "status": "conditional", "summary": "Helmet required only for minors (under 18); adults exempt. Wyo. Stat. 31-5-115.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/StateStatutes/StatutesDownload", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.studded_tires", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Studded tires legal year-round; studs must not materially injure road surface — Wyo. Stat. 31-5-956.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/wyoming/title-31/chapter-5/article-9/section-31-5-956/", "verified_at": "2026-06-20" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.exhaust", "status": "info", "summary": "Muffler/effective noise-suppressing system in good working order required; cut-out, bypass or similar device prohibited (no fixed dB) — Wyo. Stat. §31-5-953.", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/wyoming/title-31/chapter-5/article-9/section-31-5-953/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.move_over", "status": "info", "summary": "Move to the farthest lane (or, on 45+ mph two-lane roads, slow to 20 under the limit) for stopped emergency, municipal, utility, or highway maintenance vehicles.", "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.ride_height", "status": "info", "summary": "No statutory bumper/frame/ride-height or lift-kit limit; only general 14-ft overall height cap and safe-condition equipment rules; mudflaps required.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.auto_enforcement", "status": "restricted", "summary": "No Title 31 statute authorizes photo enforcement; existing intersection cameras record data only and are not admissible to issue citations.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/StateStatutes/StatutesDownload", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.window_tint", "status": "info", "summary": "Front side windows must allow >=28% total light (non-reflective); windshield tint top 5 in./above AS-1 line. Wyo. Stat. 31-5-962.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.front_plate", "status": "info", "summary": "Two plates required — one plate on the front and one on the rear of the vehicle (Wyo. Stat. 31-2-205).", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/wyoming/title-31/chapter-2/article-2/section-31-2-205/", "verified_at": "2026-06-19" }, { "jurisdiction_id": "wy", "category_id": "vehicle", "subcategory_id": "vehicle.radar_detector", "status": "permitted", "summary": "Radar detectors legal in passenger vehicles; no state ban.", "source_url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/StateStatutes/StatutesDownload", "verified_at": "2026-06-18" } ] }